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Learning to be happy MCQ

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Quiz on Learning to be happy MCQ, created by Ben Armstrong on 04/04/2016.
Ben Armstrong
Quiz by Ben Armstrong, updated more than 1 year ago
Ben Armstrong
Created by Ben Armstrong about 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What does the ABC 3-term contingency represent in relation to POSITIVE psychology?
Answer
  • Antecedent, Behaviour, Consequence
  • Adversity, Belief, Consequent mood
  • Aversive, Behaviour, Conditioning
  • Addicition, Belief, Consequence

Question 2

Question
What does the ABC 3-term contingency represent in relation to BEHAVIOURAL psychology?
Answer
  • Adversity, Belief, Consequent mood
  • Antecedent, Belief, Consequence
  • Antecedent, Bahaviour, Consequence
  • Adversity, Behaviour, Consequent mood

Question 3

Question
People who consume more chocolate tend to be happier than those who do not. This correlation is
Answer
  • Positve
  • Negative
  • Zero
  • We do not have enough information

Question 4

Question
What does CBT stand for?
Answer
  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
  • Cognitive Behaviour Treatment
  • Classical Behavioural Therapy
  • Conditioning Behaviour Therapies

Question 5

Question
Which answer does NOT promote savouring?
Answer
  • Sharing experiences
  • Memory building
  • Self-congratulating
  • Sharpening perceptions
  • Absorption
  • Mindfulness

Question 6

Question
I get to watch my new favourite series (Daredevil) after i do an hour in the gym. This is an example of the Premack Principle.
Answer
  • True
  • False
  • Do not have enough information

Question 7

Question
I love Burger King and save it for special occasions like after completing an assignment. The Burger King is contingent upon completing an assignment.
Answer
  • True
  • False
  • We do not have enough information

Question 8

Question
"That's such good news that you got that grade, let's have dinner out tonight!" This is an example of
Answer
  • Passive-Constructive
  • Passive-Destructive
  • Active-Destructive
  • Active constructive

Question 9

Question
"Well done for that paintball score, what do you want to do tomorrow?" Is an example of
Answer
  • Passive-Constructive
  • Passive-Destructive
  • Active-Destructive
  • Active_Constructive

Question 10

Question
Self-control is...
Answer
  • The opposite of impulsiveness and demonstrated by adult humans in the lab
  • Is when individuals seek the immediate reinforcement of something. Displayed in animals in the lab
  • Seeking reinforcement in a stressful situation
  • Who knows?

Question 11

Question
Bob wants to know if watching Marvel movies makes you less aggressive than watching DC movies. He starts off by recording the number of aggressive instances occurring after watching a DC movie only this is an instance of
Answer
  • Baseline
  • Intervention
  • Marvel and DC what are they?
  • Control

Question 12

Question
Phil has decided to give himself tokens after each time he goes to the gym. The tokens can be traded for many backup reinforcers, such as going to watch the latest Marvel movie in the cinemas (worth 50 tokens), going to the local comic book store and getting a comic (worth 25 points) and watching an episode of Jessica Jones (worth 10 tokens). The tokens are
Answer
  • Generalised conditioned reinforcers
  • Positive Reinforcers
  • Mediators
  • Negative Punishers

Question 13

Question
If you want to extinguish an unwanted behaviour, you should:
Answer
  • Remove motivating operations
  • Reinforce an alternative behaviour
  • Punish the unwanted behaviour
  • Increase response effort

Question 14

Question
When trying to increase a new behaviour, you should reinforce yourself:
Answer
  • Contingently
  • Continuously
  • Immediately
  • All of the answers

Question 15

Question
Ezra Briger drinks Brawndo on Thursday morning following a night out with his fellow rebels. The Brawndo prevents a headache. Brawndo is a/an
Answer
  • Negative reinforcer
  • Negative punisher
  • Positive reinforcer
  • Positive punisher

Question 16

Question
A target behaviour that is occuring too little that you would like to increase is called a
Answer
  • Behaviour deficit
  • Behaviour excess
  • Self-management
  • Undesirable behaviour

Question 17

Question
The presence of an establishing operation makes the consequence of a behaviour _________ and the presence of an abolishing operation makes the consequence of the behaviour_____________
Answer
  • More reinforcing, Less reinforcing
  • Less reinforcing, More reinforcing
  • Punishing, Reinforcing
  • Less likely, More likely

Question 18

Question
Hera wants to increase the amount of exercise she gets. She buys a treadmill so that she will not have to travel to the gym. Having the treadmill so that she exercises more often is an example of
Answer
  • Increasing response effort
  • Decreasing response effort
  • Less cost effective
  • Positive reinforcement

Question 19

Question
Which of the following is not manipulated in antecedent control procedures?
Answer
  • Reinforcers
  • Response effort
  • Punishers
  • Immediacy

Question 20

Question
If a road safety advert does not change the number of road traffic incidents the advert would be considered a/an ______ stimulus
Answer
  • Neutral
  • Negative
  • Positive
  • Aversive

Question 21

Question
Condoms are a/an __________________ for safe-sex and having them therefore may be a/an___________________ for sex.
Answer
  • Discriminative stimulus, Establishing Operation
  • Positive reinforcer, Aboloshing Operation
  • Negative Reinforcer, Establishing Operation
  • Establishing operation, Aboloshing Operation

Question 22

Question
What antecedent manipulations could one make to decrease behaviour?
Answer
  • Remove the discriminitve stimulus
  • Increase response effort
  • Add aboloshing operations
  • All of the answers

Question 23

Question
Which procedures will NOT increase self-efficacy?
Answer
  • Focus on the process of change
  • Distinguish past and present
  • Keep track of improvements
  • Don't let emotions get in the way
  • Start with the hardest

Question 24

Question
Which is NOT one of the 3 elements of happiness?
Answer
  • Frequent positive emotion
  • Satisfied with own life
  • Infrequent negative emotions
  • Frequent self-efficacy beliefs

Question 25

Question
Money is an unconditioned reinforcer
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 26

Question
What was the initial unconditioned response in Pavlov's dog study?
Answer
  • Salivating
  • Bell
  • Food
  • Barking

Question 27

Question
What was the initial neutral stimulus in Pavlov's study, that later became a conditioned stimulus?
Answer
  • Bell
  • Food
  • Salivating
  • Eating

Question 28

Question
Which statement regarding self-efficacy is most correct?
Answer
  • Those that believe they can do something are more likely to be able to
  • Those that believe they can do things tend to be less determined
  • Individuals will likely become less motivated
  • The discriminitive stimulus is a stimulus that is present during a reinforced behaviour

Question 29

Question
From a behavioural perspective, our personality is
Answer
  • Due to past experiences
  • A set of learned behaviours in a situation
  • A set of behaviours developed from social interaction
  • Conditioned behaviours

Question 30

Question
You pretend you have a lot of work to do so you don't have to go to the gym with your best friend. Going to the gym is a stimulus that is __________ by pretending you have work to do. This is an example of _______________ reinforcement.
Answer
  • Removed, Negative
  • Added, Positive
  • Controlled, Positive
  • Impulsive, Negative

Question 31

Question
Sabine does parkour to keep healthy. In March she injured herself doing a front flip over a wall. Due to the injury she now goes to the gym instead of parkour. The injury
Answer
  • Punished Parkour
  • Reinforced Parkour
  • Increased response effort
  • Really sucked and she is quite annoyed

Question 32

Question
Your recent ex PM'd you ninety times, called you four times in one week, and posted seven photos of the two of you on Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook and Tumblr. You keep ignoring your ex. Your ex's behaviour is an example of:
Answer
  • Them being completely obsessional with you and your dog and is probably the reason why you broke up because they're clingy AF, and no one want's a clingy relationship where you can't even go to the toilet without them being there.
  • An extinction burst
  • Positive punishment
  • Discriminitive stimulus

Question 33

Question
Zeb is a very untidy flatmate. His flatmates get angry at him when he doesn't tidy up. They have tried yelling at him but it doesn't work. The flatmates yelling is
Answer
  • A neutral stimuli
  • Negative punishment
  • Positive punishment
  • Negative reinforcement

Question 34

Question
Differential reinforcement is the ____________ of one behaviour and the ___________ of another behaviour in a situation.
Answer
  • Punishment, Motivating operation
  • Reinforcement, Extinction
  • Shaping, Chaining
  • Discriminitive stimulus, Aboloshing operation

Question 35

Question
Colossus praised Deadpool for not killing individuals and ignored him when he did. What procedure is this?
Answer
  • Shaping
  • Differential reinforcement
  • Chaining
  • Punishment

Question 36

Question
At first, Luke Skywalker lifted small objects using the force. Master Yoda only praised Luke when the size of the object increased. Using the same approach Yoda was able to get Luke to lift up considerable weights. Yoda used?
Answer
  • Shaping
  • Chaining
  • Differential reinforcement
  • Reinforcement

Question 37

Question
It took Luke a long time to learn how to pilot an X-wing. First he had to press a button, second he had to flip a switch. Third he had to pull the lever. This is an example of
Answer
  • A stimulus-response chain
  • Shaping
  • Differential reinforcement
  • Reinforcement

Question 38

Question
A behavioural contract states the __________ that will be administered contingent on the occurrence of the behaviour.
Answer
  • Consequence
  • Punishment
  • Reinforcement
  • Response

Question 39

Question
What is the first thing that should be done before implementing shaping?
Answer
  • Define the target behaviour
  • Determine whether shaping is the most appropriate procedure
  • Identify the starting bahaviour
  • Choose the shaping steps

Question 40

Question
What does DRI stand for?
Answer
  • Differential reinforcement of the incompatible behaviour
  • Differential reinforcement of other behaviour
  • Differential reinforcement of the incomplete behaviour
  • Differential reinforcement of low rate behaviour

Question 41

Question
What does ACT stand for?
Answer
  • Adrenocorticotropic
  • Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
  • Avoidance and Commitment Therapy
  • Attempt and Commitment Therapy

Question 42

Question
What is ACT?
Answer
  • A form of clinical behavioural analysis used in psychotherpy
  • A form of therapy which asks you to look back at the past
  • Any attempt made to avoid feelings, thoughts, memories and physical sensations that are uncomfortable for us e.g. anxiety
  • Arrangements of the external enviroment

Question 43

Question
Psychological wellbeing is not the absence of sadness it is also
Answer
  • Meaning and purpose
  • Mindfulness
  • Values
  • Life balance and flexibility
  • Needs for belonging
  • All of the answers

Question 44

Question
What is Experiental Avoidance (EA)?
Answer
  • Any attempt made to avoid feelings, thoughts, memories and physical sensations that are uncomfortable to us e.g. anxiety
  • A form of clinical behavioural analysis used in psychotherapy
  • The idea that humans are complex beings, capable of verbal language
  • Stops us from taking behavioural action

Question 45

Question
What is the theory behind ACT?
Answer
  • Humans are complex beings who are capable of verbal language. Language is not only our greatest power it is also our greatest weakness
  • There is a physical switch in our brains known as the struggle switch
  • The ANS reacts as if we have a t-rex chasing us
  • Positive psychology can fill the context vacuum

Question 46

Question
ACT interventions help us develop an awareness of a higher sense of self known as ____________
Answer
  • Self-as-context
  • Others-as-context
  • Self-as-content
  • Higher-sense-self

Question 47

Question
What is Thorndike's law of effect?
Answer
  • Reinforced behaviours will occur again
  • Use a behaviour that occurs often to reinforce a behaviour that does not
  • Each step acts as a SD for the next step
  • Consequence happens because of a particular behaviour

Question 48

Question
Which method would NOT increase a behaviour?
Answer
  • Provide SD
  • Enhance EO
  • Increase response effort
  • Decrease response effort

Question 49

Question
Which of the following is NOT a facet of psychological flexibility?
Answer
  • Cognitive defusion
  • Committed actions
  • Self-as-context
  • Acceptance
  • Values
  • Attachment to Conceptualised self

Question 50

Question
We can remember the goal of therapy by using ACT, the acronym, in this way:
Answer
  • A: accept your thoughts and feelings C: choose a valued direction T: take action
  • A: avoid your thoughts and feelings C: choose a direction T: take action
  • A: attend your thoughts and feelings C: choose a valued direction T: take action
  • A: acquire new thoughts and feelings C: choose a valued direction T: take action

Question 51

Question
Humans use language in two domains:
Answer
  • Personal, Public
  • Private, Public
  • Pedantic, Publicly
  • Personalised, Public

Question 52

Question
In which wave of behavioural psychology would Skinner be considered?
Answer
  • 1st - Basic laboratory studies
  • 2nd - Using what they've learnt to make lives better
  • 3rd - The use of developed therapies e.g. CBT, ACT

Question 53

Question
Happiness is not a simple concept, it is more than just pleasure such as alcohol and sex. Aristotle proposed that happiness is constructed of _________ and ____________ . Seligman proposed that ___________ related to feelings of commitment and participation in life.
Answer
  • Hedonia (pleasure), Eudaimania (a life well lived), Engagement
  • Subjective wellbeing, Flourishing, Homeostasis
  • Homeostasis, subjective wellbeing, flourishing
  • Hedonia, Engangement, Eudaimania

Question 54

Question
What is the function of the default mode network?
Answer
  • Learning and motivation
  • Maintain homeostasis
  • Cause depression
  • Tell the pituitary gland to release chemicals

Question 55

Question
Most neurons only emit one kind of neurotransmitter
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 56

Question
What is operant conditioning?
Answer
  • Works with the consequences of behaviour
  • When a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimuli to produce a conditioned response
  • When a neutral stimulus is combined with an unconditioned stimulus multiple times
  • The idea that our reading behaviour is under stimulus control of the letters

Question 57

Question
What is NOT part of habit reversal procedures?
Answer
  • Awareness training
  • Mindfulness
  • Competing response training
  • Social support
  • Motivating procedures

Question 58

Question
Which is NOT a neurotransmitter?
Answer
  • Endocannabinoids - the 'bliss' molecule
  • Dopamine - the 'reward' molecule
  • Endorphin - the 'pain-killing' molecule
  • Serotonin - the 'confidence' molecule
  • Epinephrine - the 'energy' molecule

Question 59

Question
What is contingency?
Answer
  • Relationship between response and consequence. An individual will only receive the reinforcement if the behaviour is performed
  • Specifies the task, task record and reinforcement
  • The idea that a behaviour performed more often can reinforce a behaviour performing less often
  • The idea that the consequence must be strong

Question 60

Question
Which will NOT decrease behaviour?
Answer
  • Eliminate SD
  • Arrange an AO
  • Increase response effort
  • Provide SD

Question 61

Question
What are the two brain networks involved in happiness?
Answer
  • Reward system and Default Mode Network
  • Auditory and Visual
  • Reward System and Endocrine System
  • Positive Punishment and Behavioural Contrast

Question 62

Question
Luke works in an office whereby his boss is always very critical when Luke presents an idea. He now rarely speaks at work. When he gets home, he often speaks angrily to his friend Ben who is not critical to him. Which of the following explains his behaviour at work and at home?
Answer
  • Work: Positive Punishment Home: Behavioural Contrast
  • Work: Negative Punishment Home: Positive Reinforcement
  • Work: Negative Reinforcement Home: Behavioural Contract
  • Work: Negative Punishment Home: Escape

Question 63

Question
Hormones are a type of neurotransmitter?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 64

Question
GABA ________ the firing of neurons. Ecstasy leads to a build up of __________ .
Answer
  • Reduces, Serotonin
  • Increases, Dopamine
  • Reduces, Epinephrine
  • Increases, GABA

Question 65

Question
Leia checks her son's room everyday after work to make sure that her son had made the bed and cleared the floor of clothes. She gives her son a point for each day the two tasks have been completed properly and her son can trade points for special activities. What kind of recording did Leia choose to measure her son's behaviour? What are the points?
Answer
  • Outcome recording, Generalised Conditioned Reinforcers
  • Interval recording, points
  • Time-sample, tokens
  • Event, Generalised Conditioned Reinforcers

Question 66

Question
What is NOT a feature of Angelman's syndrome?
Answer
  • Smiling
  • Developmental delay
  • Consistent sad moods
  • Tongue thrusting

Question 67

Question
Individuals with Angelman's syndrome tend to have ___________ rates in smiling with good social interactions, than those without.
Answer
  • Higher
  • Lower
  • The same

Question 68

Question
When it comes to children and tolerance of medical procedures, parents play a key role in helping the child to cope. However, some parents can hinder their child's tolerance by acting in an inappropriate manner what is NOT an inappropriate behaviour?
Answer
  • Overprotective - dealt with by the therapist educating the parents on what might happen
  • Unhelpful Anger - dealt with by being taught skills to alleviate stress
  • Intellectualising - dealt with by offering differential reinforcement for appropriate beahaviour
  • Being supportive - helps the child to deal with the stressful situation in which they are in

Question 69

Question
Many children are receiving medical treatment for conditions. Medical institutes have devised intervention methods, which is NOT a useful medical intervention for helping children tolerate such procedures?
Answer
  • Child-friendly environments
  • Graduated exposure
  • Getting it over and done with quickly
  • Distraction

Question 70

Question
When losing weight is my goal, I should focus on my weight by the scale recording everyday.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 71

Question
A stabbing happened in the subway when I was visiting New York. Now I feel scared every time I am using an underground metro, like the tube. My fear in the tube is a...
Answer
  • Conditioned emotional response
  • Unconditioned emotional response
  • Positive punisher
  • Negative punisher

Question 72

Question
Dave starts to record both his positive and negative thoughts as part of his behaviour change plan. He writes down the negative and positive thoughts, as well as recording the antecedents and consequences. Dave now has fewer negative thoughts. This is called:
Answer
  • Reactivity
  • Contingency contract
  • Psychological Flexibility
  • Thorndike's law of effect

Question 73

Question
When behaviour modification procedures are used by an individual to change his or her own behaviour, the process is called?
Answer
  • Self-management
  • Self-efficacy
  • Self-reinforcement
  • Self-blaming

Question 74

Question
The most powerful of all positive psychology techniques is:
Answer
  • Three good things method
  • Random acts of kindness
  • Gratitude visit

Question 75

Question
Important other people who help dispense contingent consequences are called:
Answer
  • Mediators
  • Obsevers
  • Experimenters
  • Friends

Question 76

Question
Which is NOT an antecedent manipulation?
Answer
  • Discriminitive stimuli
  • Motivating operations (AO's and EO's)
  • Response Effort
  • Combining a NS with a US

Question 77

Question
Which is NOT a chaining method?
Answer
  • Forward
  • Backward
  • Total-task
  • Interval

Question 78

Question
Optimists have this perspective after experiencing a NEGATIVE life event:
Answer
  • External: Out of my control, not my fault Transient : A one-off, won’t happen again Specific: A particular factor was to blame
  • Internal: I did it! Stable: I always do badly at this Global: I am poor at this in general

Question 79

Question
Individuals are more likely to develop into optimistic individuals if
Answer
  • Parents who encourage optimism and attribute success to internal, stable and global factors in their children
  • Life events per se do not predict pessimism – those that overcome challenge (persistence, hope, control) show increased optimism.
  • Success in overcoming life events (behaviour modification)
  • All of the answers

Question 80

Question
Happiness makes us
Answer
  • Open-minded and creative
  • Tired
  • Optimistic about the future
  • More likely to engage
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