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BioMed II Exam 3

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Lectures Medical Biology I II and III
Monica Werner
Quiz by Monica Werner, updated more than 1 year ago
Monica Werner
Created by Monica Werner over 1 year ago
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Question 1

Question
Compare and Contrast Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Prokaryotes are [blank_start]Unicellular[blank_end] and [blank_start]do not contain[blank_end] a Nucleus. They store their genetic information in [blank_start]Circular[blank_end] DNA and [blank_start]have[blank_end] a Cell Wall. Eukaryotes are [blank_start]Multicellular[blank_end] and [blank_start]contain[blank_end] a Nucleus. They store their genetic information in [blank_start]Linear[blank_end] DNA and [blank_start]do not have[blank_end] a Cell Wall.
Answer
  • Unicellular
  • Multicellular
  • do not contain
  • contain
  • Circular
  • Linear
  • have
  • do not have
  • Multicellular
  • Unicellular
  • contain
  • do not contain
  • Linear
  • Circular
  • do not have
  • have

Question 2

Question
Label the parts of the Prokaryotic Cell.
Image:
Screen+Shot+2022 11 11+At+12.39.38+Pm (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Capsule
  • Ribosomes
  • Cell Wall
  • Plasma Membrane
  • Nucleiod
  • Nucleus
  • Flagellum
  • Chromosome (DNA)
  • Fimbirae

Question 3

Question
Which of these is a Gram Negative bacteria?
Answer
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Shingella dysenteriae
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Mycobacterium leprosae
  • Enterococcus faecalis

Question 4

Question
Anaerobic bacteria differ from aerobic bacteria in which way?
Answer
  • Anaerobic bacteria lack and inner and outer cell membrane
  • Anaerobic bacteria have pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase
  • Aerobic bacteria lack catalase and SOD
  • Aerobic Bacteria have a cell wall

Question 5

Question
All of the following are host examples of host defenses that a microbe must bypass to initiate infection EXCEPT:
Answer
  • Complement
  • Limited Turbulance
  • Preexisting antibodies
  • IgA in mucosal secretions
  • Multi-layer keratinized epithelia

Question 6

Question
Match the symbiotic type with its definition: [blank_start]Mutualism[blank_end] --> Good for Bacteria and Host [blank_start]Commensalism[blank_end] --> Good for Bacteria, no effect on the host [blank_start]Parasitism[blank_end] --> Good for Bacteria but Bad for the host
Answer
  • Mutualism
  • Commensalism
  • Parasitism
  • Commensalism
  • Mutualism
  • Parasitism
  • Parasitism
  • Mutualism
  • Commensalism

Question 7

Question
[blank_start]Resident[blank_end] Bacteria have a permanent presence within us while [blank_start]Transient[blank_end] Bacteria have a short term presence.
Answer
  • Resident
  • Transient

Question 8

Question
Transient bacteria drive out residential bacteria.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
Our blood/body fluids/internal tissues are always sterile.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
Match the amount of bacteria present in the different areas of the GI tract. [blank_start]Many[blank_end] Oral [blank_start]Minimal[blank_end] Stomach [blank_start]Minimal[blank_end] Small Intestines [blank_start]Many[blank_end] Large Intestines [blank_start]Many[blank_end] Colon
Answer
  • Many
  • Minimal
  • Minimal
  • Many
  • Minimal
  • Many
  • Many
  • Minimal
  • Many
  • Minimal

Question 11

Question
Which is more prevalent in the gut?
Answer
  • Obligate Anaerobes
  • Aerobes

Question 12

Question
Fill in the correct type of bacteria with it’s definition. [blank_start]Obligate Anaerobe[blank_end] --> Living in environments not containing oxygen [blank_start]Facilitative Anaerobe[blank_end] --> Living with or without oxygen [blank_start]Aerobe[blank_end] --> Living in oxygen containing environments
Answer
  • Obligate Anaerobe
  • Facilitative Anaerobe
  • Aerobe

Question 13

Question
Opportunistic infections happen when a bacteria begins to overgrow in a site that it is normally not abundant in due to conditions that make it favorable to do so.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 14

Question
If the exclusionary effect becomes ineffective this can result in
Answer
  • Post-antibiotic infections
  • Pathogenic colonization prevention
  • Inhibiting pathogenic overgrowth
  • Normal micro-biotic flora

Question 15

Question
Nosocomial infections can be acquired from
Answer
  • Hospitals
  • Nursing Homes
  • Offices
  • Outpatient Clinic
  • Home Care
  • Outpatient Pharmacy

Question 16

Question
A lack of immune system priming results in
Answer
  • Strong immune system
  • Weak immune system
  • Nonspecific antibodies
  • Very specific antibodies
  • Low serum Igs
  • High serum Igs

Question 17

Question
Infections begins with [blank_start]Exposure[blank_end] which leads to [blank_start]Entry[blank_end] then [blank_start]Multiply and Spread[blank_end] which can result in [blank_start]Injury[blank_end]
Answer
  • Exposure
  • Entry
  • Multiply and Spread
  • Injury
  • Entry
  • Exposure
  • Multiply and Spread
  • Injury
  • Multiply and Spread
  • Exposure
  • Entry
  • Injury
  • Injury
  • Multiply and Spread
  • Exposure
  • Entry

Question 18

Question
Which of these are ways pathogens can enter the body?
Answer
  • Inhalation
  • Ingestion
  • Penetration
  • Site to Site Transfer

Question 19

Question
Which of the following would not be considered a nocosomal infection?
Answer
  • Transfer of a pathogenic bacteria from one patient to another by staff
  • An infection acquired from a contaminated hot tub
  • Infection due to catheterization
  • Diarrhea that develops after prolonged antibiotic utilization

Question 20

Question
Glycolipids and Glycoproteins can determine whether or not a bacteria attaches to an epithelial cell.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
Bacterial Adhesions are stronger than Bacterial Attachment Proteins.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
Bacteria multiply in the [blank_start]Submucosa[blank_end] before Invasion.
Answer
  • Submucosa

Question 23

Question
[blank_start]Direct Damage[blank_end] is caused by bacterial toxins destroying host cells and tissues while [blank_start]Indirect Damage[blank_end] is caused by the host inflammatory response.
Answer
  • Direct Damage
  • Indirect Damage

Question 24

Question
Match the Bacterial Toxin with their definition. [blank_start]Neurotoxin[blank_end] --> Target Nerves [blank_start]Cytotoxin[blank_end] --> Target Cells [blank_start]Exotoxin[blank_end] --> Secreted by Bacterial Cells [blank_start]Endotoxin[blank_end] --> Part of a Gram - Bacterial Cell Membrane
Answer
  • Neurotoxin
  • Cytotoxin
  • Exotoxin
  • Endotoxin

Question 25

Question
The [blank_start]B[blank_end] Domain binds to the cell The [blank_start]A[blank_end] Domain Catalyzes intracellular reactions.
Answer
  • B
  • A

Question 26

Question
Membrane Active Exotoxins have an indirect insertion into the host membrane that forms a pore causing cell leakage/lysis.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
Super Antigens bridge the gap between [blank_start]Antigen Presenting Cells[blank_end] and [blank_start]T Cells[blank_end] causing a massive release of [blank_start]Cytokines[blank_end]
Answer
  • Antigen Presenting Cells
  • T Cells
  • Cytokines

Question 28

Question
Endotoxins are ONLY associated with Gram - Cells
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
PAMP stands for [blank_start]Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern[blank_end] PRR stands for [blank_start]Pathogen Recognition Receptor[blank_end]
Answer
  • Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern
  • Pathogen Recognition Receptor

Question 30

Question
Having a polysaccharide capsule can make it easier for bacteria to withstand attack from [blank_start]Phagocytosis[blank_end] and the [blank_start]Compliment Cascade[blank_end]
Answer
  • Phagocytosis
  • Compliment Cascade

Question 31

Question
PAMPs are located on our cells while PRRs are located on Bacterial cells
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 32

Question
Bacteria avoid attack from the immune system through
Answer
  • Slightly changing the proteins on the outside to avoid Compliment Cascade
  • Polysaccharide Capsule
  • Attaching and Destroying/Replicating in Phagocytes
  • Secreting Proteases to damage present antibodies (IgA IgG)

Question 33

Question
Bacteremia means [blank_start]Bacteria in the blood[blank_end]
Answer
  • Bacteria in the blood

Question 34

Question
Localized infections mean the pathogen or the toxins being released are concentrated in one area or tissue. The Localized effects also stay in that general area.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 35

Question
Systemic Infections are where the pathogen enters the blood or several tissues. This can contain Cytokines, secreted toxins and presence of bacteria, viruses, or pathogens in the blood.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
SIRS stands for [blank_start]Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome[blank_end].
Answer
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Question 37

Question
You must have at least two of which of these symptoms for SIRS?
Answer
  • Abnormal Temperature
  • Lowered Heart Rate
  • Respiratory Distress
  • Abnormal WBC Counts

Question 38

Question
Match the SIRS pro inflammatory cytokines with their function TNF-Alpha --> [blank_start]Activates IL-1 and IL-6[blank_end] IL-1 --> [blank_start]Cellular Damage[blank_end] IL-6 --> [blank_start]Cellular Damage pt2[blank_end] IL-8 --> ? PAF --> [blank_start]Blood Clotting[blank_end]
Answer
  • Activates IL-1 and IL-6
  • Cellular Damage
  • Blood Clotting
  • Cellular Damage
  • Activates IL-1 and IL-6
  • Blood Clotting
  • Cellular Damage pt2
  • Activates IL-a and IL-6
  • Blood Clotting
  • Blood Clotting
  • Activates Il-1 and IL-6
  • Cellular Damage

Question 39

Question
In CARS [blank_start]IL-1Ra[blank_end] counteracts the pro inflammatory activity of [blank_start]IL-1[blank_end] in SIRS
Answer
  • IL-1Ra
  • IL-1

Question 40

Question
When there is a SIRS response, and [blank_start]infection[blank_end] is what kicks off the cascade into Sepsis
Answer
  • infection

Question 41

Question
DIC stands for [blank_start]Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation[blank_end]
Answer
  • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Question 42

Question
In MODS or [blank_start]Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome[blank_end], multiple organs begin to fail and stop working properly.
Answer
  • Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Question 43

Question
The lungs are usually the first to fail in a syndrome called ARDS or [blank_start]Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome[blank_end]
Answer
  • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Question 44

Question
The kidneys are usually next to fail in ARF or [blank_start]acute renal failure[blank_end]
Answer
  • acute renal failure

Question 45

Question
The infections that are most common with SIRS to cause sepsis are (in order) 1 [blank_start]Respiratory Tract[blank_end] 2 [blank_start]Genitourinary Tract[blank_end] 3 [blank_start]Intra-Abdominal[blank_end] 4 [blank_start]Device Related[blank_end] 5 [blank_start]Wounds/Soft Tissue[blank_end] 6 [blank_start]Primary Bacterium[blank_end]
Answer
  • Respiratory Tract
  • Genitourinary Tract
  • Intra-Abdominal
  • Device Related
  • Wounds/Soft Tissue
  • Primary Bacterium
  • Genitourinary Tract
  • Respiratory Tract
  • Intra-Abdominal
  • Device Related
  • Wounds/Soft Tissue
  • Primary Bacterium
  • Intra-Abdominal
  • Respiratory Tract
  • Genitourinary Tract
  • Device Related
  • Wounds/Soft Tissue
  • Primary Bacterium
  • Device Related
  • Respiratory Tract
  • Genitourinary Tract
  • Intra-Abdominal
  • Wounds/Soft Tissue
  • Primary Bacterium
  • Wounds/Soft Tissue
  • Respiratory Tract
  • Genitourinary Tract
  • Inra-Abdominal
  • Device Related
  • Primary Bacterium
  • Primary Bacterium
  • Respiratory Tract
  • Genitourinary Tract
  • Intra-Abdominal
  • Device Related
  • Wounds/Soft Tissue

Question 46

Question
Pathogens commonly associated with sepsis in order 1 [blank_start]Gram Positive Aerobes[blank_end] 2 [blank_start]Gram Negative Aerobes[blank_end] 3 [blank_start]Anaerobes[blank_end] 4 [blank_start]Fungi[blank_end] 5 [blank_start]Polymicrobial[blank_end]
Answer
  • Gram Positive Aerobes
  • Gram Negative Aerobes
  • Anaerobes
  • Fungi
  • Polymicrobial
  • Gram Negative Aerobes
  • Gram Positive Aerobes
  • Anaerobes
  • Fungi
  • Polymicrobial
  • Anaerobes
  • Gram Positive Aerobes
  • Gram Negative Aerobes
  • Fungi
  • Polymicrobial
  • Fungi
  • Gram Positive Aerobes
  • Gram Negative Aerobes
  • Anaerobes
  • Polymicrobial
  • Polymicrobial
  • Gram Positive Aerobes
  • Gram Negative Aerobes
  • Anaerobes
  • Fungi

Question 47

Question
The damage from Gram Positive Sepsis comes from the [blank_start]Peptidoglycan[blank_end], [blank_start]Pro-inflammatory cytokines[blank_end], and [blank_start]exotoxins[blank_end].
Answer
  • Peptidoglycan
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokines
  • exotoxins

Question 48

Question
Gram Negative Sepsis has stronger effects than Gram Negative but is less common.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 49

Question
The bacteria causing Gram Positive Septic Shock are [blank_start]Streptococcus pneumonia[blank_end] [blank_start]Staphylococcus spp[blank_end] [blank_start]Enterococci spp[blank_end]
Answer
  • Streptococcus pneumonia
  • Staphylococcus spp
  • Enterococci spp
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