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NIC Microbiology 250 - Rhena Cooper

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Exam 2 - from an old exam from Rhene Cooper
Rebecca Alexander
Quiz by Rebecca Alexander, updated more than 1 year ago
Rebecca Alexander
Created by Rebecca Alexander over 9 years ago
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Question 1

Question
Which of the following is/are a part of Prokaryotic carbohydrate metabolism?
Answer
  • malate shuttle
  • chemiosmosis
  • niacin and riboflavin
  • A, B, and C
  • B and C

Question 2

Question
Which of the following is/are smaller?
Answer
  • cytosine
  • adenine
  • guanine
  • A and B
  • B and C

Question 3

Question
Which of the following is held together more loosely?
Answer
  • sugar-phosphate backbone
  • thymine and adenine
  • guanine and cytosine
  • sugars and nitrogenous bases
  • B and C

Question 4

Question
In a replicating fork, the parental 5' end would serve as the template for ____.
Answer
  • the lagging strand
  • the leading strand
  • the continuous strand
  • the discontinuous strand
  • A and D are correct terms

Question 5

Question
Which would be made in "chucks" termed Okasaki Fragments?
Answer
  • the continuous strand
  • the discontinuous strand
  • circular DNA
  • mRNA
  • 16s RNA

Question 6

Question
If Escherichia coli opens in three locations, then there would be how many active replicating forks?
Answer
  • 3
  • 6
  • 9
  • 2
  • 12

Question 7

Question
Which type of RNA is folded with protein to give a unique functional shape?
Answer
  • mRNA
  • tRNA
  • rRNA
  • B and C
  • A, B, and C

Question 8

Question
As an exception to the general rule, ____ has ____ DNA.
Answer
  • Bordetella, linear
  • Bordetella, circular
  • Borrelia, linear
  • Borrelia, circular
  • Burgdorferi, linear

Question 9

Question
The nitrogenous base thymine is attached to which carbon?
Answer
  • 1' of deoxyribose
  • 3' of deoxyribose
  • 1' of ribose
  • 3' of ribose
  • 5' of deoxyribose

Question 10

Question
DNA and RNA polymerases synthesize in which direction?
Answer
  • 3' to 5'
  • 5' to 3'
  • antiparallel
  • double helix
  • downstream

Question 11

Question
Which enzyme facilitates "walking" to relieve tension as the DNA is relaxing the supercoil?
Answer
  • DNA helicase
  • DNA topisomerase
  • DNA polymerase III
  • DNA polymerase I
  • DNA ligase

Question 12

Question
How many primers would be necessary when making DNA off of the 3' parent leg?
Answer
  • one
  • two
  • one every ~1,000 bases
  • too numerous to count (TNTC)

Question 13

Question
Which of the following would be the least likely to open multiple replication forks?
Answer
  • Mycobacterium
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Escherichia coli
  • Treponema
  • A and D

Question 14

Question
Which of the following will produce lactic acid?
Answer
  • Streptococcus
  • Clostridium
  • Saccharomyces
  • Lactobacillus
  • A and D

Question 15

Question
The reduced niacin from which step will feed hydrogen into the malate shuttle is?
Answer
  • glycolysis in prokaryotes
  • transition in prokaryotes
  • glycolysis in eukaryotes
  • transition in eukaryotes
  • A and C

Question 16

Question
This structure belongs to what category?
Image:
bf1f8f7c-801e-4288-b711-6ccc534f3c8e (image/png)
Answer
  • Pyrimidines
  • Purines

Question 17

Question
This structure belongs to what category?
Image:
ce353024-1042-4c30-a279-4c42c06c4a83 (image/png)
Answer
  • Pyrimidines
  • Purines

Question 18

Question
The process of making RNA off of a DNA template is called what?
Answer
  • transcription
  • translation
  • transition

Question 19

Question
The process of making DNA off of the DNA template just before cell division is called what?
Answer
  • replication
  • translation
  • transcription
  • semi-conservative replication
  • transition

Question 20

Question
The process of using RNA to make a protein is called what?
Answer
  • transcription
  • translation
  • transition
  • replication

Question 21

Question
Protein synthesis is an anabolic reaction specifically using a _____ reaction to make a ____ bond between the building blocks called _____.
Answer
  • Dehydration synthesis, covalent/peptide, and amino acids
  • Dehydration synthesis, hydrogen, nitrogenous bases
  • Replication synthesis, covalent/peptide, and the sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 22

Question
The amino acids are brought to the ribosome attached to the ___ end of the ___.
Answer
  • 3', tRNA
  • 3', mRNA
  • 3', DNA
  • 5', tRNA
  • 5', DNA

Question 23

Question
In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is wrapped around proteins called ___ in repetitive units called ___ to make the supercoil.
Answer
  • Nucleosomes, histones
  • Histones, nucleosomes
  • Centrioles, centrosomes
  • Centromeres, centrosomes

Question 24

Question
In the lac operation model, the presence of lactose will ___ the ____ from the _____ and thus turn the gene ____.
Answer
  • Add, inhibitor protein, moderator, off.
  • Remove, repressor protein, operator, on
  • Add, repressor protein, operator, off
  • Remove, inhibitor protein, moderator, on

Question 25

Question
List in order the enzymes involved in building the leading strand side of a replicating fork.
Answer
  • DNA ligase, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III, RNA primase.
  • RNA primase, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III, DNA ligase, Okazaki Fragments.
  • RNA primase, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III, DNA ligase.
  • Okazaki Fragments, RNA primase, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III, DNA ligase.
  • DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III, DNA ligase.

Question 26

Question
Given the following section of DNA give the correct order of amino acids linked together in the polypeptide. 5' T A A A T G A C T G A T T G A G T A 3' 3' A T T T A C T G A C T A A C T C A T 5'
Answer
  • 5' T A A A T G A C T G A T T G A G T A 3'
  • 5' U A A A U G A C U G A U U G A G U A 3'

Question 27

Question
Which of the following has the ability to generate the most ATP?
Answer
  • reduced riboflavin
  • oxidized riboflavin
  • reduced niacin
  • oxidized niacin
  • coenzyme A

Question 28

Question
Benzyprene, commonly found in soot and smoke, has been shown to cause which of the following types of mutation?
Answer
  • point mutation
  • sugar-phosphate backbone break mutation
  • spontaneous mutation
  • thymine dimmer mutation
  • frameshift mutation

Question 29

Question
The complete fermentation of two glucose molecules to ethanol generates ___ molecules of carbon dioxide.
Answer
  • one
  • two
  • three
  • four
  • six

Question 30

Question
Name the bacterial recombination process that is mediated by the sex pili.
Answer
  • transcription
  • translation
  • transformation
  • transduction
  • conjugation

Question 31

Question
In Plasmodium the hydrogens released during glycolysis will generate up to how many ATP's by chemiosmosis per glucose?
Answer
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 6
  • 38

Question 32

Question
In Pseudomonas each acetyl that enters into the Krebs cycle will generate how many ATP's?
Answer
  • 1
  • 2
  • 4
  • 32
  • 34

Question 33

Question
Which of the following typically generates ethanol as a fermentation end product?
Answer
  • Bacillus
  • Lactobacillus
  • Streptococcus
  • Saccharomyces
  • A, B, and C

Question 34

Question
Which cellular situation has the potential to generate the most ATP per glucose?
Answer
  • eukaryotes in an anaerobic environment
  • prokaryotes in an anaerovic environment
  • eukaryotes in an aerobic environment
  • prokaryotes in an aerobic environment
  • Clostridium in an anaerobic environment

Question 35

Question
The complete aerobic breakdown of one molecule of glucose by Escherichia would generate ___ molecules of inorganic gas.
Answer
  • two
  • four
  • six
  • twelve
  • none of the above

Question 36

Question
Name the bacterial recombination process that involves competent bacteria in the log phase of growth.
Answer
  • transcription
  • translation
  • transformation
  • transduction
  • conjugation

Question 37

Question
Which of the following is larger?
Answer
  • deoxyribose
  • phosphate
  • ribose
  • adenine
  • cytosine

Question 38

Question
Name the bacterial recombination process that involves a bacteriophage.
Answer
  • transcritption
  • translation
  • transformation
  • transduction
  • conjugation

Question 39

Question
Which of the following is more likely to open multiple replication forks?
Answer
  • Gram negative bacteria in log phase of growth
  • Gram positive bacteria in log phase of growth
  • Acid-fast mycobacterium in aerobic conditions
  • Staphylococcus on the skin
  • Semi-conservative replication in Treponema

Question 40

Question
In Bacillus subtilis the hydrogen ions initially collect between the ____ and the plasma membrane during chemiosmosis before moving through the membrane and generating ATP.
Answer
  • thin layer of peptidoglycan
  • mitochondrial membrane
  • cristae
  • thick layer of peptidoglycan
  • capsule

Question 41

Question
Which of the following organisms has the ability to generate its own ribose?
Answer
  • Pseudomonas
  • Agrobacterium
  • Rhizobium
  • Escherichia
  • A, B, and C

Question 42

Question
If the initial F+ bacterium is shown in black, and the F- bacterium is shown in red and the subsequent HFr cell joins with a green F- bacterium, then the resulting F+ recombinant will have a mother loop of DNA shown in what color(s)?
Answer
  • Black and Green
  • Red only
  • Green only
  • Red and Green
  • Black, Red, and Green

Question 43

Question
Hydrogen carrier molecules are useful throughout carbohydrate metabolism to prevent an increase or a decrease in the pH?
Answer
  • increase
  • decrease

Question 44

Question
Name the carbon carrier that functions to feed the pyruvic acid derivative into the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Answer
  • coenzyme A
  • niacin
  • riboflavin
  • pentose sugar
  • A and D

Question 45

Question
What is produced from transcription?
Answer
  • DNA
  • mRNA
  • tRNA
  • rRNA

Question 46

Question
What is produced from semi-conservative replication?
Answer
  • DNA copy
  • RNA copy
  • phosphate backbone
  • polymerases

Question 47

Question
Which transcription product carries the codons?
Answer
  • mRNA
  • tRNA
  • rRNA

Question 48

Question
Which transcription process has an anticodon?
Answer
  • mRNA
  • tRNA
  • rRNA

Question 49

Question
Which transcription product carriers the amino acids?
Answer
  • large subunit
  • small subunit
  • mRNA
  • tRNA
  • rRNA

Question 50

Question
In Plasmodium, the DNA is wrapped around ____ in repetitive subunits called ____.
Answer
  • proteins, amino acids
  • histones, nucleosomes
  • proteins, nucleosomes
  • histones, amino acids

Question 51

Question
Give a genus of prokaryotes which uncharacteristically has linear DNA.
Answer
  • Plasmodium
  • Borrelia
  • Baccilus
  • Streptococcus
  • Escherichia

Question 52

Question
Name the enzyme that allows the supercoil to relax and "walk over" to relieve tension.
Answer
  • DNA ligase
  • DNA polymerase I
  • DNA polymerase III
  • DNA topiosomerase II (DNA gyrase)
  • RNA primase

Question 53

Question
The lagging strand side of the replicating fork is uniquely made of individual ____ fragments.
Answer
  • chunk
  • interrupted
  • Okazaki
  • discontinuous

Question 54

Question
DNA polymerase III cannot process a complementary strand of DNA until a ___ has been placed.
Answer
  • primer (from RNA primase)
  • nucleotide (from the first DNA polymerase III)
  • space/gap/break (excised error/primers from DNA polymerase I)

Question 55

Question
Name the enzyme which has the ability to remove errors and primers in DNA replication.
Answer
  • RNA primase
  • DNA polymerase III
  • DNA polymerase I
  • DNA ligase
  • DNA topoisomerase

Question 56

Question
A prokaryote which opens in 4 locations would generate how many replicating forks?
Answer
  • 2
  • 4
  • 6
  • 8
  • 12

Question 57

Question
List the acids generated during the tricarboxylic acid cycle in order starting with citric acid and give their carbon number as well.
Answer
  • Citric Acid (6) Isocitric Acid (6) Alpha-kryptoglutane Acid (5) Succinyl Acid (4) Succinic Acid (4) Fumaric Acid (4) Malic Acid (4) Oxaloacetic Acid (4)
  • Fumaric Acid (4) Malic Acid (4) Oxaloacetic Acid (4) Citric Acid (6) Isocitric Acid (6) Alpha-kryptoglutane Acid (5) Succinyl Acid (4) Succinic Acid (4)
  • Oxaloacetic Acid (4) Malic Acid (4) Fumaric Acid (4) Succinic Acid (4) Succinyl Acid (4) Alpha-kryptoglutane Acid (5) Isocitric Acid (6) Citric Acid (6)

Question 58

Question
Which of the following would create lactic acid?
Answer
  • Saccharomyces
  • Bacillus
  • Steptococcus
  • B and C
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