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Genetics Final concepts

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Jo O'Bar
Quiz by Jo O'Bar, updated more than 1 year ago
Jo O'Bar
Created by Jo O'Bar over 4 years ago
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Question 1

Question
Histone modification and chromatin remodeling...
Answer
  • alter the accessibility of genes for transcription
  • shifts allele frequencies
  • results from mutated gene products or abnormally expressed genes
  • Results from unregulated cell growth that forms a multi cellular mass removed by surgery, causing no serious harm

Question 2

Question
Natural selection is the principal for that _________ within large populations?
Answer
  • shifts allele frequencies
  • histone modification and chromatin remodeling
  • shifts gene frequencies
  • chromatin modification and histone remodeling

Question 3

Question
Cancer are caused by mutations in ______ cells
Answer
  • somatic
  • germ-line

Question 4

Question
[blank_start]5[blank_end]% of cancers are caused by germ-line mutations.
Answer
  • 5
  • 10
  • 90
  • 95

Question 5

Question
Genomic alternations associated with cancer include?
Answer
  • Single-nucleotide substitutions
  • Chromosomal rearrangements
  • amplifications
  • deletions
  • Genetic disease in somatic cells

Question 6

Question
What are the two fundamental properties shared by cancer cells?
Answer
  • Abnormal cell growth and division: unregulated cell proliferation
  • Metastatic spread
  • Genetic disease in somatic cells
  • clonal origin

Question 7

Question
Genetic disease in somatic cells results from __________ or _________.
Answer
  • mutated gene products
  • abnormally expressed genes
  • benign tumor
  • malignant tumor

Question 8

Question
[blank_start]Benign[blank_end] tumor: Results from unregulated cell growth that forms a multicellular mass removed by surgery, causing no serious harm [blank_start]Malignant[blank_end] tumor: Results from metastasized cells invading other tissue and causing life-threatening problems.
Answer
  • Benign
  • Malignant
  • Malignant
  • Benign

Question 9

Question
__________: originated from a common ancestral cell that accumulated numerous specific mutations
Answer
  • clonal origin
  • phylogenetic origin
  • ancestral origin
  • familial origin

Question 10

Question
All cancer cells in primary and secondary tumors are clonal
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
Many scientists believe that MOST cells within tumors proliferate, which is why it is so dangerous.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
Tumor cells that do proliferate are [blank_start]rare[blank_end] population and give rise to cancer stem cells that [blank_start]have[blank_end] the capacity for self-renewal.
Answer
  • rare
  • common
  • have
  • do not have

Question 13

Question
Undifferentiated cells with the capacity for self-renewal are known as __________.
Answer
  • stem cells
  • cancer cells
  • tumors
  • carcinogens

Question 14

Question
Cancer stem cell hypothesis predicts that...
Answer
  • every cell in a tumor has the potential to form a new tumor
  • most cells in a tumor do not have the potential to form a new tumor
  • cancer sucks

Question 15

Question
Age-related incidence of cancer indicates cancer develops from the [blank_start]accumulation of several mutagenic events[blank_end] in [blank_start]a single cell[blank_end].
Answer
  • accumulation of several mutagenic events
  • onset of a single mutagenic event
  • a single cell
  • several cells

Question 16

Question
Incidence with cancers rises exponentially with... (pick the BEST answer)
Answer
  • age
  • weight
  • karma
  • height

Question 17

Question
Independent and random mutations are necessary for a cell to become malignant.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
Carcinogens are....
Answer
  • cancer-causing agents
  • cancer-preventing agents
  • human process catalysts
  • car engine catalysts

Question 19

Question
The delay between exposure to carcinogens and the appearance of cancer is an indication of [blank_start]the multistep process[blank_end].
Answer
  • the multistep process
  • the high energy threshold

Question 20

Question
_________ is the development of malignant tumor.
Answer
  • Tumorigenesis
  • Malignigenesis
  • Cancer

Question 21

Question
Tumorigenesis results in two or more genetic alternations which are...
Answer
  • progressively release cells from normal controls on cell proliferation
  • malignancy
  • benignity
  • progressively release cells from abnormal controls on cell proliferation

Question 22

Question
What does APC gene stand for? [blank_start]Adenomatous[blank_end] [blank_start]polyposis[blank_end] [blank_start]coli[blank_end]
Answer
  • Adenomatous
  • Advantageous
  • Anagenesis
  • polyposis
  • polyploidous
  • poptosis
  • coli
  • cancer

Question 23

Question
What does the APC gene do?
Answer
  • tumor suppressor gene that encodes a protein involved in normal differentiation of intestinal cells
  • tumor activator gene that encodes protein involved in normal differentiation of intestinal cells
  • white blood cell activator gene that encodes proteins to detect and destroy bacteria

Question 24

Question
In colorectal cancers, adenoma and polyp formation requires ?
Answer
  • inactivating mutations in ADP gene
  • activating mutations in ADP gene
  • activating chromosomal rearrangements
  • reversing chromosomal rearrangements

Question 25

Question
A [blank_start]driver[blank_end] mutation gives growth advantage to tumor cells. A [blank_start]passenger[blank_end] mutation has no direct contribution to cancer phenotype.
Answer
  • driver
  • passenger
  • passenger
  • driver

Question 26

Question
Cancer cells show higher than normal rates of...
Answer
  • mutations
  • chromosomal abnormalities
  • genomic instability
  • genomic stability
  • deletion genes

Question 27

Question
Genomic instability manifests in gross defects by...
Answer
  • translocation
  • Aneuploidy
  • chromosome loss
  • DNA amplification
  • Chromosomal deletion

Question 28

Question
Many cancers are characterized as reciprocal translocations
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
CML- Chronic myelogenous leukemia is a cancer due to [blank_start]translation[blank_end] of [blank_start]C-ABL[blank_end] gene on chromosome [blank_start]9[blank_end] into [blank_start]BCR[blank_end] gene on chromosome 22.
Answer
  • translation
  • translocation
  • amplification
  • C-ABL
  • BCR
  • ABL
  • C-BCR
  • 9
  • 22
  • 10
  • 23
  • BCR
  • C-BCR
  • C-ABL
  • ABL

Question 30

Question
The structure of CML is known as ___________ chromosome
Answer
  • Philadelphia
  • Illinois
  • Pennsylvania

Question 31

Question
What two inherited cancers are caused by defects in DNA repair genes?
Answer
  • Xeroderma pigmentosum (xp)
  • Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
  • Lung cancer
  • Leukemia

Question 32

Question
[blank_start]Xeroderma pigmentosum[blank_end]: Defective nucleotide excision repair leading to skin cancer [blank_start]Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal[blank_end] cancer: increased risk of colon, ovary, uterine and kidney cancers -eights genes implicated; four involved in DNA mismatch repair; [blank_start]autosomal dominant[blank_end] syndrome
Answer
  • Xeroderma pigmentosum
  • Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal
  • autosomal dominant

Question 33

Question
Epigenetic effects may be present in what type of cell?
Answer
  • somatic
  • germ-line
  • both
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