17747534
Question 1
Question
Choose the incorrect statement about Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).
Answer
-
It is an abrupt decrease in kidney function that occurs over a period of 7 days or less
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It is stimated to occur in approximately 50% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU)
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It can predispose you to CKD
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CKD patients cannot get AKI
Question 2
Question
Choose the incorrect statement about chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Answer
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It is abnormalities in kidney structure or function that persist for >90 days
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It presents a high economic burden
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At least as many deaths are attributable to kidney disease as to cancer, diabetes or respiratory diseases
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Risk factors for AKI and CKD, such as advanced age, diabetes and hypertension, often overlap.
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AKI and CKD are discrete and separate conditions.
Question 3
Question
NZ has higher rates of sepsis, post infectious glomerulonephritis and HUS causing AKI compared with other countries in the developed world.
Answer
- True
- False
Question 4
Question
Reduced renal blood flow ([blank_start]ischemia[blank_end]) initiates AKI. It can be as a result of infection ([blank_start]sepsis[blank_end]), medications, disease, or trauma. The medication combination likely to cause AKI is the ‘triple whammy’; concurrent use of an [blank_start]ACE[blank_end] inhibitor or an ARB, with a [blank_start]diuretic and an NSAID[blank_end].
AKI is largely [blank_start]asymptomatic[blank_end] and late diagnosis of injury is common.
Answer
-
ischemia
-
sepsis
-
diuretic and an NSAID
-
ACE
-
asymptomatic
Question 5
Question
Pathogenesis of AKI:
1. Disruptions of the glycocalyx and [blank_start]endothelial[blank_end] monolayer in renal tubule
2. Upregulation of [blank_start]adhesion[blank_end] molecules
3. Enhanced [blank_start]leukocyte-endothelium[blank_end] interactions
4. Formation of [blank_start]microthrombi[blank_end]
5. Inflammation causing [blank_start]fluid[blank_end] overload, [blank_start]electrolyte[blank_end] imbalances
Answer
-
endothelial
-
adhesion
-
leukocyte-endothelium
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microthrombi
-
fluid
-
electrolyte
Question 6
Question
CKD Pathogenesis"
1. Nephrons atrophy with time
2. Worsened by genetic & environmental factors – [blank_start]hypertrophy[blank_end]
3. Fewer nephrons cause an increase in [blank_start]nephron[blank_end] size, [blank_start]podocytes[blank_end] can’t cope & detach – loss of barrier function and impaired filtration - [blank_start]proteinuria[blank_end]
4. Inflammation, which leads to fibrosis & [blank_start]scar[blank_end] formation
5. Leads to [blank_start]ischaemia[blank_end]
Answer
-
hypertrophy
-
nephron
-
podocytes
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proteinuria
-
scar
-
ischaemia
Question 7
Question
Which of these is not a systemic effect of CKD?
Answer
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Fluid & electrolyte imbalances
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Anaemia
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Mineral bone disorder – bone pain, fractures, deformities
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Metabolic acidosis – muscle wasting, bone demineralisation
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Hyperuricaemia – systemic inflammation, neurological changes
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Pruritis
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