Exemplars 1.1-1.4: Acid-Base Balance

Which of the following describes the correct lab values for metabolic acidosis?

Which of the following accurately describes the body's response to metabolic acidosis?

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of metabolic acidosis?

Select the medications that can cause metabolic acidosis (3 of these are correct).

What are some signs that a patient is suffering from metabolic acidosis (6 of these are right).

Solutions such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, and sodium acetate are used to metabolic acidosis.

How would you treat diabetic ketoacidosis?

You have a young female patient in your care. She has attempted suicide by drinking methanol (wood alcohol), and is in a very confused state. You have administered the loading dose of fomepizole, and are in the process of administering sodium bicarbonate for the metabolic acidosis. Select the appropriate interventions for this patient (3 of these are right).

Select the correct lab values for metabolic alkalosis.

Which of the following is the body's response to metabolic alkalosis?

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of metabolic alkalosis?

Which of the following can NOT be used in the treatment of metabolic alkalosis?

What lab values would you see in an individual with metabolic alkalosis? (4 of these are right).

You have a young, male patient that has been given too much parenteral sodium bicarbonate. He is now in metabolic alkalosis. What are appropriate interventions for this patient? (3 of these are right)

Which of the following describes the correct lab values for respiratory acidosis?

Acute respiratory acidosis results from sudden failure of ventilation. This can be caused by chest trauma, aspiration of a foreign body, acute pneumonia, and overdose of narcotic or sedative medication.

Chronic respiratory acidosis is only associated with COPD.

In chronic respiratory acidosis, the PaCO2 increases over time and remains elevated. The kidneys retain bicarbonate, and the pH often remains close to normal range because of adequate metabolic compensation.

Select the clinical manifestations of acute respiratory acidosis (7 of these are right).

Select the clinical manifestations of chronic respiratory acidosis.

What are the appropriate interventions for respiratory acidosis (acute and chronic)? (5 of these are right)

Respiratory alkalosis isn't always caused by hyperventilation.

In acute respiratory alkalosis, the bicarbonate levels remain within normal limits..

Which of the following does NOT lead to respiratory alkalosis?

A young lady comes into the ER due to a panic attack. She is lightheaded, has tingling and numbness in her distal extremities, and shows positive Chovostek and Trousseau signs. Which acid-base imbalance might she have?

You have identified that your female client having a panic attack is in a state of metabolic alkalosis from hyperventilating. She feels unable to calm down. You look at her record and discover that this is her 5th time coming to the ER in the past 2 months due to a panic attack. Select the appropriate interventions for this patient. (4 of these are right).