Respiratory Pathology

Emergency Treatment for Life-Threatening Asthma In the case of 92-33 CHEST <92% [blank_start]Oxygen[blank_end] [blank_start]Saturation[blank_end] <33% Predicted [blank_start]FEV1[blank_end] C[blank_start]yanosis[blank_end] H[blank_start]yperventilation[blank_end] and Hypotension E[blank_start]xhaustion[blank_end] S[blank_start]ilent[blank_end] [blank_start]Chest[blank_end] T[blank_start]achycardia[blank_end]/B[blank_start]radycardia[blank_end] then do O SHITME: [blank_start]Oxygen[blank_end] (nebulized) [blank_start]Salbutamol[blank_end] ([blank_start]nebulized[blank_end]) [blank_start]Hydrocortisone[blank_end] ([blank_start]intravenous[blank_end]) I[blank_start]pratropium[blank_end] T[blank_start]heophylline[blank_end] M[blank_start]agnesium[blank_end] [blank_start]Sulphate[blank_end] Escalate ([blank_start]Intubation[blank_end] and ventilation)

Which of these treatments can help you stop smoking?

Which of these have potential to help stop people from smoking?

Varenicline works by reducing the amount of [blank_start]pleasure[blank_end] a person receives from smoking and by reducing [blank_start]withdrawal[blank_end] [blank_start]symptoms[blank_end] as well. Starting from the day you quit, you take for about [blank_start]12[blank_end] weeks (and longer if needed. )

Generally, anti-smoking drugs have side effects of mood change (irritability/agitation), difficulty sleeping, and blood pressure changes.

Bupropion is an [blank_start]antidepressant[blank_end]. It reduces the brain's nicotine [blank_start]craving[blank_end]. Doses should be started [blank_start]1[blank_end]-[blank_start]2[blank_end] weeks [blank_start]before[blank_end] you quit smoking.

Nicotine is a central nervous stimulant

Nicotine stimulates the [blank_start]cardiovascular[blank_end] system.

On average, a smoker will inhale [blank_start]1[blank_end] to [blank_start]2[blank_end] milligrams of nicotine per breath per cigarrette.

Within [blank_start]10[blank_end] seconds of taking a puff, nicotine will reach the brain. Nicotine is best absorbed by [blank_start]mucosal[blank_end] membranes, as seen in the [blank_start]mouth[blank_end] and nose.

Nicotine leads to decreased monoamineoxidase (MAO) levels

Monoamineoxidase (MAO) is the enzyme responsible for breaking down [blank_start]dopamine[blank_end]. Smoking leads to [blank_start]lower[blank_end] levels of MAO, hance more [blank_start]dopamine[blank_end].

Nicotine...

Nicotine mimics acetylcholine and disrupts acetylcholine and acetylcholine receptor interactions.

Types of Asthma?

Anaphylaxis is a type of hypersensitivity reaction.

Top 3 cause for anaphylaxis: 1. [blank_start]Stings[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Anesthetic[blank_end] [blank_start]Drugs[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Nuts[blank_end]

Ingestion of the drug (regardless of the manner) will be the quickest to lead to a [blank_start]myocardial[blank_end] [blank_start]infarction[blank_end] (within [blank_start]1[blank_end]-[blank_start]2[blank_end] minutes.)

What to check for during anaphylaxis?

Which of these count as airway difficulties?

Which of these count as breathing problems during anaphylaxis?

Which of these are circulation complications during anaphylaxis?

You should stand the patient up if they're undergoing anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis can affect the patient's conscious level.

Which of these are anaphylactic skin changes during anaphylaxis?

Septic shock has a similar presentation to anaphylaxis

Which of these non-threatening conditions present similarly to anaphylaxis?

[blank_start]Intramuscular[blank_end] [blank_start]epinephrine[blank_end] is how to immediately treat anaphylaxis.

1) IV established 2) [blank_start]Intravenous[blank_end] [blank_start]Bolus[blank_end] 3) Monitor 4) Give more [blank_start]Bolus[blank_end] if needed 5) Escalate if needed: [blank_start]Colloid[blank_end]/ crystalloid (but check whether it caused the anaphylaxis in the first place) Example treatments: [blank_start]Sodium[blank_end] [blank_start]Chloride[blank_end] or Hartmann's

[blank_start]Steroids[blank_end] (such as hydrocortisone) and [blank_start]anti[blank_end]-[blank_start]histamines[blank_end] (such as chlor[blank_start]phenamine[blank_end]) can be given for anaphylaxis--but only after patient stabalized.

Mast cell Tryptase is a way to investigate and confirm anaphyalaxis in a patient.