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One child policy, China- Management of rapid population growth The original policy · It was first introduced in 1979 · Must not marry until late 20’s · Can only have one child · Must be sterilised after the first child, or abort all future pregnancies · 10% salary increase for only having one child · Priority housing, pensions and family benefits for those with 1 child Penalties for not following the rules · Large fine (that would bankrupt many families) · 10% salary cut · Have to pay for education and healthcare · Second child born abroad would not be allowed to become citizens of China Changes in the 1990’s · Parents with no brothers/ sisters can have more than one child- families were worried about their name dying out, also there needs to be enough young people to look after aging population · People living in rural areas can have more than 1 child- they are needed to help on farms etc · Ethnic minorities can have more than 1 child, minorities make up a very small amount of China’s population, so it wouldn’t make a big difference · Couples don’t need permission to have a first child · Following Sichuan earthquake the rules were relaxed to help the population recover Benefits of the policy · With less time needed to look after kids, women have been able to concentrate on their careers · Repeats of famines like in the 1970’s have not happened · 400 million fewer births have occurred since the policy was enforced Problems with the policy · Still 1 million more births than deaths every 5 weeks · Increasing imbalance of men/ women as families want boys to pass the name on · Some women have been forced to have abortions very late in their pregnancies by ‘granny police’ who monitor young women · There has been many young girls killed so that their families can have a boy · Children with no siblings get lots of attention, and become known as ‘little emperors’
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