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9015832
“Sylvia’s out of Breath”
Description
Mind Map on “Sylvia’s out of Breath”, created by Ibrahim Andelhafez on 05/20/2017.
Mind Map by
Ibrahim Andelhafez
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Ibrahim Andelhafez
over 7 years ago
17
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Resource summary
“Sylvia’s out of Breath”
Anatomy of the thoracic Cavity
Consists of
Sternum
Consists of:
Body
Xiphoid process
Origin of Diaphragm
ITA branching
Manubrium
Manubriosternal joint
Land Marks of
T4 and T5
Bifurcation of trachea
Beginning and end of aortic arch
Reference to JVP measurement
vertebrate
Ribs' Facets articulation
1 facet
Ribs 1,10,11,12
2 facets
Corresponding vertebra and superior
Ribs
12 ribs
true
(1-7)
Characteristics of rib 1
two grooves
Subclavian artery & vein
Scalenus insertion
false
(8-10)
floating
(11,12
Blood Supply
Anterior ICS arteries
ITA
First 6 ICS
musculophrenic
Lower 5 ICS
Posterior ICS arteries
Thoracic Aorta
Veins
drainage by azygous to superior vena cava
COPD
Emphysema
Pathology
Clinical Features
Barrel chest
Tachypnea
Dyspnea
no cyanosis
Distal terminal bronchioles
Chronic bronchitis
cough for more that 3 months
Pathology
Hyperplasia pf goblet cells
Clinical Features
cyanosis "blue bloaters"
Common cause
smoking
Risk factors
Aging population > 50
genes
recurrent infection
Irreversable
Complications
Core pulmonale
hypoxia induced vasospasm
Pulmonary HTN
RHF
Pneumothorax
rupture of bullae
Management
Oxygen Mask
COPD Investigations
Spirometry test
decreased FEV1/FVC ratio
no response to b-2 aganosits
increased TLC
Radiology
Hypelucsent
Barrel shaped
flat diaphragm
decreased mediastinal transverse diameter
Physiology
Respiration Regulation
central chemoreceptors
sensitive to H+ in CSF
peripheral chemoreceptors
sensitive to O2 in
Carotid & aortic bodies
Respiratory center
dorsal group
controls inspiration
Ventral
active expiration
PC
inhibitory
AC
increases RR
CO2 transportation
3 pathways
7% dissolved
70% HCO3-
Cl- shift in the lungs
23% Carbamin-hemoglobin
Haldane vs Bohr effect
Ventilation/perfusion ratio
Normal
Zones
one (Apex)
> 0.8
two
0.8
three (base)
< 0.8
Abnormal
no profusion
pulmonary embolism
no ventilation
atelectasis
blood shunting
Pulmonary blood flow
gravity
increased perfusion in basal zone
increased CO
increases blood supply to branched pulmonary capillaries
Restrictive vs Obstructive
Respiratory failure
Types
Hypoxemic
PaO2 < 60 mmHg
Hypercapnic
PaCO2 > 50 mmHg
Causes
COPD
Asthma
Pulmonary edema
Burden of COPD
increasing morbidity & mortality
Quitting smoking
Addiction symptoms
Craving
Withdrawal
Stages of cessation
Media attachments
Screen Shot 2017 05 20 At 6.35.28 Pm (image/png)
Screen Shot 2017 05 20 At 7.19.42 Pm (image/png)
Screen Shot 2017 05 20 At 7.26.31 Pm (image/png)
Screen Shot 2017 05 20 At 7.51.19 Pm (image/png)
Screen Shot 2017 05 20 At 8.17.24 Pm (image/png)
Screen Shot 2017 05 20 At 8.18.05 Pm (image/png)
Screen Shot 2017 05 20 At 8.23.50 Pm (image/png)
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