2746451
| Question | Answer |
| stdio.h | Contains input and output functions, types, and macro definitions. This library is used by most C programs and represents almost 1/3 of entire C libraries |
| string.h | Contains functions for manipulating strings |
| math.h | Contains mathematical functions |
| stdlib.h | Contains utility functions for number conversion, storage allocation etc. |
| Translating Stage of Compilation | Compiler translates high-level language in .i file to low-level Assembly language instructions. Generated file is .s file |
| Assembly Stage of Compilation | Assembler converts assembly language to machine code. Generated object file contains conversion in binary and is .o file |
| Linking Stage of Compilation | Linker combines one or more binary object .o files into single executable file. Generated file is in binary and has .exe file |
| Variables | A container in C which a data value can be stored inside the computer's memory |
| char | Single byte storing 1 character |
| int | Stores integer [100] |
| float | Stores floating-point to 6 decimal places [0.123456] |
| double | Stores floating-point to 10 decimal places [0.0123456789] |
| Declaring Variables | Data type and variable name written, followed by ";" [ int car_number; ] |
| Initialising Variables | When a value is assigned to a variable [ int car_number = 0; ] |
| %d | Specifier for integers -32768 to +32767 [6554] |
| %f | Specifier for floating-point [2.1564] |
| %c | Specifier for a character [M] |
| %s | Specifier for a string of characters [Hello World] |
| scanf() | Requires 2 arguments in the brackets specifying type of data inputted and where to store it to |
| long int | Usually default of int and has range of values from -2,147,483,647 to +2,147,483,648 |
| short int | Saves memory space and has range of values from -32,768 to +32,767 |
| Static Variable | Defined outside function, can be used inside using "extern int [variable name];" |
| Casting | Process of forcing a variable into a variable of a different data type variable2 = (modifier data-type) variable1; [ float2int = (int)num; ] |
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