Economic Development

1. GDP

   Annotations:

   • Gross Domestic Product - the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year
2. GDP per capita

   Annotations:

   • GDP divided by the population

1. Birth and death rate
2. Infant mortality rate
3. People per doctor
4. Literacy rate
5. Access to safe water
6. Life expectancy
7. PQLI

   Annotations:

   • Physical Quality-of-Life Index
8. Calorie intake

1. HDI

   Annotations:

   • Human Development Index - life epxectancy, adult literacy and % children in eudcation and GDp per person

1. Affected by exchange rates
2. Aren't any measures for social indicators like human rights
3. They're averages

   Annotations:

   • They don't show variation within a country

1. Poor climate
2. Poor farming land
3. Limited water supplies
4. Lots of natural hazards
5. Few raw materials

1. Poor trade links
2. Lots of debt
3. Economy based on primary products

1. Drinking water
2. Women in society
3. Child education

1. Gives: donor
2. Receives: recipient

Annotations:

• directly to the recipient

1. can be tied

Annotations:

• given through an international organisation

1. Helps recipient countries cope with emergencies
2. immediate impact
3. Disadvantages
   1. doesn't change state of development
   2. slow reaction then it might not get where it needs to be
   3. may not reach those who need it

1. helps recipient countries to develop
   1. improve clean water supplies
      1. build wells
      2. build dams
2. construct schools
3. recipients become less dependent on foreign aid
4. can be a while before benefits take effect
   1. improves literacy rates

Annotations:

• where donations are exaggerated, help isn't needed or donors benefit more than the recipient.

1. Often 'tied'

   Annotations:

   • recipient countires are forced to buy goods and services from donor countries 
2. equipment can break down without help
3. donor countries can break promises
4. little spent on improving skills
5. replaces investment

   Annotations:

   • this means that countries become dependent on aid
6. profits can go back to donor country not recipient
7. loans have to be payed back

1. Primary
   1. colecting raw materials
      1. farming
      2. fishing
      3. mining
   2. environmental
      1. reduces biodiversity
      2. burning fossil fuels
      3. depletes water sources
      4. soil erosion
      5. water pollution
      6. oil leaks
      7. global warming
2. Secondary
   1. manufacturing
      1. making cars
      2. making textiles
      3. making steel
   2. environmental
      1. land, air and water pollution
      2. habitat destruction
      3. large amounts of energy
         1. adds to global warming
3. Tertiary
   1. providing a service
      1. financial services
      2. retail
      3. emergency services
   2. environmental
      1. uses a lot of energy
         1. adds to global warming
4. Quaternary
   1. high technology
      1. scientific research
      2. product development
      3. electronics
   2. enivronmental
      1. uses a lot of energy
         1. adds to global warming

1. Pre-industrialised
   1. mainly agriculture
   2. simple technology
2. Industrialised
   1. increase in use of technology
   2. people move to cities
3. Post-industrial
   1. manufacturing industries move abroad