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7820535
Sensation and Perception
Description
Mind Map on Sensation and Perception, created by Kristen Thorpe on 23/02/2017.
Mind Map by
Kristen Thorpe
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Kristen Thorpe
over 7 years ago
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Resource summary
Sensation and Perception
Sensation- Stimulation of sense organs
Absorption of energy (light/sound waves), by sensory organs such as our eyes and ears
Perception- selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input
Organizing and translating sensory input into something meaningful
Ventral stream in the brain associated with our perception of the world
Dorsal stream in the brain associated with action and control of goal directed movements
Visual System
In order to see, we must have light. Light waves vary in amplitude and wavelength.
Amplitude- affects perception of brightness
Wavelength- affects perception of colour
The Lens of the eye
Transparent structure that focuses light rays onto the retina
The retina absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual information to the brain
Rods
Play a key role in night vision and peripheral vision
Cones
Play a key role in daylight vision and colour vision
Fovea is a tiny spot in the retina that contains only cones, and has a high acuity
Pupil of the eye
The opening in the iris that regulates amount of light passing into the eye
Optic Chiasm- the point at which the optic nerves from each eye cross over and project to the opposite side of the brain
The main pathway projects to the thalamus
Colour
Perceived colours is the function of dominant wavelengths
Subtractive colour
Removing some wavelengths of light, leaving less light than was originally there
Additive colour
Putting more light in the mixture than exists in any one light by itself
Colour Theories
Trichromatic Theory
The human eye has three types of receptors with differing sensitivities to different light wavelengths
Opponent Process Theory
Colour perception depends on receptors that make antagonistic responses to three pairs of colours
Reconciling Theory
Realizing that the Trichromatic and opponent process theory are needed to explain colour vision
Auditory System
Sound waves are vibrations of molecules, moving at a fraction of the speed of light
Characterized by their amplitude, wavelength, and purity. Affect perceived qualities of loudness, pitch, and timbre.
The ear is divided into three sections: the outer ear, the middle ear, and inner ear
External ear depends on vibration of air molecules, middle ear depends on vibrations of movable bones, and inner ear depends on waves in a fluid.
Inner ear consists of the cochlea- a fluid filled, coiled tunnel that contains hearing receptors.
Basilar membrane runs along the spiralled cochlea and holds auditory receptors (hair cells).
Sound signals routed to the thalamus, then auditory cortex in the temporal lobes
Theories of Hearing
Place Theory
Perception of pitch corresponds to the rate or frequency, at which the basilar membrane vibrates
Frequency Theory
Perception of pitch corresponds to rate or frequency at which the basilar membrane vibrates
Both theories are valid, but slightly flawed
Place theory was on the mark except that hair cells vibrate together as suggested by frequency theory
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