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Mind Map by kayla lawrence, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by kayla lawrence
over 7 years ago
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CHAPTER 1 THE EVOLUTION OF PSYCHOLOGY
- PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTIES IN PSYCHOLOGY
- Clinical psychology
- Clinical psychologists are concerned with the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with psychological disorders, as well as treatment of less severe behavioural and emotion problem
- Clinical psychologists are concerned with the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with psychological disorders, as well as treatment of less severe behavioural and emotion problem
- Counselling psychology
- Counselling psychology overlaps with clinical psychology in that specialists in both areas engage in similar activities interviewing testing, and providing therapy.
- Counselling psychology overlaps with clinical psychology in that specialists in both areas engage in similar activities interviewing testing, and providing therapy.
- Educational and school psychology
- Education psychologists work to improve curriculum design, achievement testing, teacher training,and other aspects of the education process
- Education psychologists work to improve curriculum design, achievement testing, teacher training,and other aspects of the education process
- Industrial and organizational psychology
- Psychologists in this area perform a wide variety of tasks in the world of business and industry
- Psychologists in this area perform a wide variety of tasks in the world of business and industry
- Clinical psychology
- A NEW SCIENCE IS BORN: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WUNDT AND HALL
- Wilhelm Wundt: is known as the founder of psychology,and he opend the first psychology lab in 1879 at the University of Leipzig in Germany. His primary focus was on consciousness, the awareness of immediate experience.
- G.Stanley hall: establihed America's first research lab in psychology at Johns Hopkins University (in 1883).,and founded the American Psychological Association (APA) (in 1892).
- Wilhelm Wundt: is known as the founder of psychology,and he opend the first psychology lab in 1879 at the University of Leipzig in Germany. His primary focus was on consciousness, the awareness of immediate experience.
- THE BATTLE OF THE ''SCHOOLS" BEGINS: STRUCTURALISM VERSUS FUNCTIONLISM
- FUNCTIONALISM: was inspired by the idea of William James in (1842-1910). Functionalism believed that psychology should focus on the purpose and adaptive functions of consciousness.However, its also paved the way for behaviourism and applied psychology
- STRUCTURALISM : emerged through the leadership of Edward Titchener. Structuralism was based on task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic and elements, and investigate how these elements are related.
- FUNCTIONALISM: was inspired by the idea of William James in (1842-1910). Functionalism believed that psychology should focus on the purpose and adaptive functions of consciousness.However, its also paved the way for behaviourism and applied psychology
- WATSON ALTERS PSYCHOLOGY'S COURS AS BEHAVIOURISM MAKES ITS DEBUTS
- Behaviourism was by founded by John B.Watson in 1878-1958, argued that that psychology should study only observable behaviour
- Behaviourism was by founded by John B.Watson in 1878-1958, argued that that psychology should study only observable behaviour
- FREUD FOCUSES ON UNCONSCIOUS FORCES
- Sigmund Freud was an Austrian physician who invented psychoanalysis. His psychoanalytic theory emphasized the unconscious determinants of behaviour and the importance of sexuality
- Sigmund Freud was an Austrian physician who invented psychoanalysis. His psychoanalytic theory emphasized the unconscious determinants of behaviour and the importance of sexuality
- PSYCHOLOGY IN CANADA
- The first Experimental laboratoty in Canada was established in 1891 at the University of Toronto by James Mark Baldwin. The Canadian physiological Association was formed in 1939
- The first Experimental laboratoty in Canada was established in 1891 at the University of Toronto by James Mark Baldwin. The Canadian physiological Association was formed in 1939
- A FOCUS ON CULTURAL AND DIVERSITY
- In the 1980s, western physiologists,who had previously been rater provincial developed greater interest in how cultural factors influence behaviour.
- This trend was increased in cultural diversity in Western societies, by growing global independence.
- This trend was increased in cultural diversity in Western societies, by growing global independence.
- In the 1980s, western physiologists,who had previously been rater provincial developed greater interest in how cultural factors influence behaviour.
- PSYCHOLOGY MOVES IN A POSITIVE DIRECTION
- Positive psychology uses theory and research to better understand our adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence
- Positive psychology uses theory and research to better understand our adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence
- RESEARCH AREAS IN PSYCHOLOGY
- Developmental psyhology
- Looks at human development across the life span. Developmental psychology once focused primarily on child development, but today devotes a great deal of research to adolescence, adulthood, and old age
- Looks at human development across the life span. Developmental psychology once focused primarily on child development, but today devotes a great deal of research to adolescence, adulthood, and old age
- Social psychology
- Focuses on interpersonal behaviour an the role of social forces in governing behaviour. Typical topic include attitude formation, attitude change, prejudice conformity, attraction, aggression, intimate relationship and behaviour in groups.
- Focuses on interpersonal behaviour an the role of social forces in governing behaviour. Typical topic include attitude formation, attitude change, prejudice conformity, attraction, aggression, intimate relationship and behaviour in groups.
- Experimental psychology
- Encompasses the traditional core of topics that psychology focused on heavily in its first half-century as a science: sensation ,perception, learning , conditioning , motivation, and emotion.The name experimental psychology is somewhat misleading ,as this is not the only area in which experiments are done. Psychologist working in all areas listed here conduct experiments.
- Encompasses the traditional core of topics that psychology focused on heavily in its first half-century as a science: sensation ,perception, learning , conditioning , motivation, and emotion.The name experimental psychology is somewhat misleading ,as this is not the only area in which experiments are done. Psychologist working in all areas listed here conduct experiments.
- Psychological psychology
- Examines the influence of genetic factors on behaviour and the role of the brain, nervous system, endocrine system, and bodily chemical in the regulation of behaviour.
- Examines the influence of genetic factors on behaviour and the role of the brain, nervous system, endocrine system, and bodily chemical in the regulation of behaviour.
- Cognitive psychology
- Focuses on ''higher'' mental processes, such as memory, reasoning, information processing, language, problem solving decision making, and creativity
- Focuses on ''higher'' mental processes, such as memory, reasoning, information processing, language, problem solving decision making, and creativity
- Personality
- is interested in describing and understanding individual's consistency in behaviour, which represents their personality, This area of interest is also concerned with the factors that shape personality and with personality
- is interested in describing and understanding individual's consistency in behaviour, which represents their personality, This area of interest is also concerned with the factors that shape personality and with personality
- Psychometrics
- is concerned with measurement of behaviour and capacities,usually through the development of psychological test. Psychometrics is involved with the design of tests to assess personality, intelligence, and a wide range of abilities, it is also concerned with the development of new techniques for statistical analysis
- is concerned with measurement of behaviour and capacities,usually through the development of psychological test. Psychometrics is involved with the design of tests to assess personality, intelligence, and a wide range of abilities, it is also concerned with the development of new techniques for statistical analysis
- Educational psychology
- Studies how people learn and the best ways to teach them. Examines curriculum design, teacher training, achievement testing, student motivation, classroom diversity, and other aspects of the educational process.
- Studies how people learn and the best ways to teach them. Examines curriculum design, teacher training, achievement testing, student motivation, classroom diversity, and other aspects of the educational process.
- Health psychology
- Focuses on how psychological factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of physical health and the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness
- Focuses on how psychological factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of physical health and the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness
- Developmental psyhology
- THE PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHOLOGY
- Cognitive (1950s-present)
- The main Principal contributors: Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, Herbert Simon. The subject matter is thoughts; mental processes. The basic premise is that human behavior cannot be fully understood without examining how people acquire, store, and process information.
- The main Principal contributors: Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, Herbert Simon. The subject matter is thoughts; mental processes. The basic premise is that human behavior cannot be fully understood without examining how people acquire, store, and process information.
- Psychoanalytic (1900-present)
- The main Principle Contributers are : Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler. Subject matter consists of unconscious determinants of behavior. Basic Premise is that unconscious motives and experiences in early childhood govern personality and mental disorders
- The main Principle Contributers are : Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler. Subject matter consists of unconscious determinants of behavior. Basic Premise is that unconscious motives and experiences in early childhood govern personality and mental disorders
- Humanistic (1950s-present)
- The two main contributors to Humanistic are Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow . Humanism is base on the idea that emphasize the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth
- The two main contributors to Humanistic are Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow . Humanism is base on the idea that emphasize the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth
- EVOLUTIONARY
- The principal contributors are: David Buss, Martin Daly, Margo Wilson, Leda Cosmides ,and John Tooby. Evolutionary psychology focuses on the behaviour in human and animals and examine behavioural processes in terms of their adaptive value for member of a species over the course of many generation
- The principal contributors are: David Buss, Martin Daly, Margo Wilson, Leda Cosmides ,and John Tooby. Evolutionary psychology focuses on the behaviour in human and animals and examine behavioural processes in terms of their adaptive value for member of a species over the course of many generation
- Biological (1950s- present)
- The main principal contributors are: James Olds, Roger Sperry, David Hubel, and Torsten Wiesel. Physiological basis of behavior in humans and animals. An organism's functioning can be explained in terms of the bodily structure and biochemical processes that underlie behaviour.
- The main principal contributors are: James Olds, Roger Sperry, David Hubel, and Torsten Wiesel. Physiological basis of behavior in humans and animals. An organism's functioning can be explained in terms of the bodily structure and biochemical processes that underlie behaviour.
- Behavioural (1913-present)
- The main Principal contributors are: John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner. Effects of environment on the overt behavior of humans and animals. The basic premise is that only observable events (stimulus-response relationships) can be studied scientifically
- The main Principal contributors are: John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner. Effects of environment on the overt behavior of humans and animals. The basic premise is that only observable events (stimulus-response relationships) can be studied scientifically
- Cognitive (1950s-present)
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