69985
Description
Mind Map by sulemanadam99, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by sulemanadam99
almost 11 years ago
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Weather and Climate
- Weather: condition of the atmosphere,
changes day to day
- Climate: Average weather conditions over longer
periods in a particular area
- Meteorology: study of weather and climate
- Meteorologist: studies weather/climate
- What do we measure?
- Wind speed and direction
- Wind blowing FROM! compass/wind vane
- Wind direction: measure anemometer
- Strength of wind measured
on Beaufort Scale
- Beaufort number 0: calm/ Beaufort
Number 12: hurricane
- Beaufort number 0: calm/ Beaufort
Number 12: hurricane
- Strength of wind measured
on Beaufort Scale
- Wind blowing FROM! compass/wind vane
- Humidity:water/moisture in air
- units are measured in percentages
- measured with hygrometer
- uses wet and dry bulb thermometer
- units are measured in percentages
- Sunshine
- measured with pyranometer
- measured with pyranometer
- Precipitation(rain, hail, snow)
- Rain Gauge/Automatic tipping bucket
gauge
- Funnel with graduated
container/measure mm
of rainfall
- Funnel with graduated
container/measure mm
of rainfall
- Rain Gauge/Automatic tipping bucket
gauge
- Temperature
- Measured by thermometer (should
have air circulating around it and
away from direct sunlight)
- Stevenson Screen:wooden box with slatted
sides/legs to keep off ground/sloping roof/painted
white to reflect sunlight
- Stevenson Screen:wooden box with slatted
sides/legs to keep off ground/sloping roof/painted
white to reflect sunlight
- Measured by thermometer (should
have air circulating around it and
away from direct sunlight)
- Air pressure
- measured by Barometer measured in millibars (higher number means higher air pressure)
- air is light but because so much above us, it exerts a pressure
- Anticyclone: high pressure, air falls --> no clouds/clear
sky (In summer: clear sky/settled fine weather, Winter:clear
sky/cold temp)
- Depression: low pressure area/, air rises ---> rain/unsettled weather
- measured by Barometer measured in millibars (higher number means higher air pressure)
- Cloud cover and visibility
- measured using units called Oktas (1 okta = 1/8
sky covered by clouds)
- measured using units called Oktas (1 okta = 1/8
sky covered by clouds)
- Wind speed and direction
- Synoptic chart: summarises weather
symbols at that time, using weather stations,
satelites, planes, balloons
- Cloud types: according to height and shape
- circulonimbus
- stratus: look layered
- nimbus: bring rain
- cumulus
- circulonimbus
- UK Climate
- 4 seasons
- Mild climate (as in temperate climate zone)
- different temperature/rainfall in different parts of UK
- South: warm Summer/ North: cool Summer
- West: mild Winter/ East: cold Winters
- West:wetter/ East: drier
- why does it rain more in the west?
- winds from atlantic ocean bringing moist air
- lots of highland areas in the west
- winds from atlantic ocean bringing moist air
- 4 seasons
- What affects temp in UK?
- Altitude
- Temperature decreases with altitude (as you go higher) as air higher up is
less dense. (1 degree drop in temp as you go up 100m altitude)
- Temperature decreases with altitude (as you go higher) as air higher up is
less dense. (1 degree drop in temp as you go up 100m altitude)
- Latitude
- further North --> less sun (high on Equator) therfefore cooler temp as you up North
- further North --> less sun (high on Equator) therfefore cooler temp as you up North
- Ocean currents
- depends on whether the ocean current is a warm or cold one
- depends on whether the ocean current is a warm or cold one
- Distance from sea
- affects temperature of areas on coast. keeps area cooler in
summer and warmer in winter (why: because sea takes longer
to warm up and cool down than land area)
- affects temperature of areas on coast. keeps area cooler in
summer and warmer in winter (why: because sea takes longer
to warm up and cool down than land area)
- Prevailing winds
- Altitude
- Types of Rainfall
- Convectional Rainfall
- Relief Rainfall
- Frontal Rainfall
- Convectional Rainfall
- Weather hazards: extreme weather event
- tornado
- fog
- storms/floods
- droughts
- tropical storm
- Effects
- Deaths/injuries to humans/animals
- poer cuts
- damage to buildings
- homeless
- land damage eg farm land
- damage to environment
- affects economy
- affects tourism
- Deaths/injuries to humans/animals
- tornado
- Why does it rain?
- Isotherm
- a line of equal temperature
- a line of equal temperature
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