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4783090
Tests For Chemicals
Description
The chemical tests for substances - IGCSE Chemisty.
No tags specified
chemistry
igcse
edexcel
tests
analysing
cl
o2
nh3
science
core
Mind Map by
Juan Moreira Ort
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Noah Swanson
almost 9 years ago
Copied by
Juan Moreira Ort
almost 9 years ago
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Resource summary
Tests For Chemicals
Gases
Chlorine
Bleaches damp litmus paper (Turns white)
Oxygen
Relights a glowing splint
Carbon Dioxide
Turns lime water milky white
Hydrogen
Burns with a 'squeaky' pop
Ammonia
Turns damp RED litmus paper blue
Water
White Anhydrous Copper(II) Sulphate Powder
Turns blue in presence of water
BUT does not show if it is pure or not
Pure water has specific physical properties that can be tested
Boiling point:
100ºC
Melting point:
0ºC
Cations
Flame Tests For Metal Ions
Li+ Lithium:
Red Flame
Na+ Sodium:
Yellow Orange Flame
K+ Potassium:
Lilac Flame
Ca2+ Calcium:
Orange/Brick-Red Flame
NaOH Precipitates
Copper(II) Cu2+
Blue
Iron(II) Fe2+
Sludgy Green
Iron(III) Fe3+
Reddish Brown
Many Metal Hydroxides form precipitates when added to Sodium Hydroxide as they are insoluble. The precipitate may have a distinctive colour
Ammonium Compounds
Add NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide)
Test For Ammonia
Damp litmus paper bleeches
Anions
Carbonates
Add HCl to sample
If Carbonate ions present CO2 will be given off
This can be tested in lime water
Sulphates
Add HCL to remove impurities
Then Add Barium Chloride
If Sulphate present a white precipitate will form
Halides
Iodide = Yellow
Bromide = Cream
Add Nitric Acid to the sample to remove impurities
Then add Silver Nitrate Solution
See colour of precipitate
Chloride = White
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