2636602
Description
Mind Map by Mohammed Sajid 2121, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mohammed Sajid 2121
over 9 years ago
|
|
Loftus and Pickrell
- Aim of the
study to
see
whether
false
memories
can be
constructed
- Memory can be disrupted in two ways.
Proactive and retroactive. Proactive is the
disruption of the memory caused by
events that occurred before the memory.
Reactive is disruption caused by events
experienced after the memory.
- Subjects
- 24 participants, 3 male and 21
females (aged between 18-53).
Recruited by students of the
University of Washington in pairs
(along with a relative). Relative had to
be older and knowledgeable about
the subject's childhood experiences.
- Participants believed they
were taking part in a survey
that looked to study the kind
of things one may be able to
remember from their
childhood.
- Relatives were approached and asked to
provide information about three true events
from the subject's life. They were also asked
to tell where the family shopped when the
subject was young and whether the subject
had ever been lost at around the age of 5.
They were also asked to share which family
members accompanied them on the trip
and what kind of shops might have attracted
the subject when they were 5.
- Subjects were then mailed a five
page booklet, containing four
events (3 true and 1 false). The
false event was always third in
sequence. Subjects were asked to
share what they remembered
about such events.
- Some of the elements of the false event
included being lost for an extended period
of time, crying, being lost in a mall or
department store at the age of 5, being
found and aided by an elderly woman and
reunited with the family.
- After the receipt of
the booklets by the
researchers, two
interviews were
scheduled. The first
1-2 weeks later. The
other another 1-2
weeks later.
- Two females conducted the interview and recorded the
sessions. Some interviews occurred face to face whilst
others occurred over the phone.
- Subjects asked to recall everything they could
about the events. Also asked to rate the events
for clarity (1 to 10) and how confident (1 to 5) they
were that they could recall more pertaining to the
events given more time. They were told not to
discuss with family members. Second interview
was also the same as the first except at the end
subjects were debriefed.
- Two females conducted the interview and recorded the
sessions. Some interviews occurred face to face whilst
others occurred over the phone.
- After the receipt of
the booklets by the
researchers, two
interviews were
scheduled. The first
1-2 weeks later. The
other another 1-2
weeks later.
- Some of the elements of the false event
included being lost for an extended period
of time, crying, being lost in a mall or
department store at the age of 5, being
found and aided by an elderly woman and
reunited with the family.
- Subjects were then mailed a five
page booklet, containing four
events (3 true and 1 false). The
false event was always third in
sequence. Subjects were asked to
share what they remembered
about such events.
- Participants believed they
were taking part in a survey
that looked to study the kind
of things one may be able to
remember from their
childhood.
- 24 participants, 3 male and 21
females (aged between 18-53).
Recruited by students of the
University of Washington in pairs
(along with a relative). Relative had to
be older and knowledgeable about
the subject's childhood experiences.
- Results
- 24 Subjects were asked to
recall a total of 72 true events
and they remembered 68%
(49) of the events.
- 7 of the 24 subjects
remembered the false
event. This then dropped
to 6 subjects (25%) after
the first interview.
- More words used to describe true events (138) as compared to false events (49).
- Clarity ratings higher for true events (6.3) compared to false (2.8)
- Confidence ratings were also higher for the true
events (2.7 for first interview and 2.2 for the second
interview) as compared to false events (1.8 and 1.4)
- At the end of the interview subjects
were asked to identify the false
event, 19 out of 24 guessed
correctly.
- At the end of the interview subjects
were asked to identify the false
event, 19 out of 24 guessed
correctly.
- Confidence ratings were also higher for the true
events (2.7 for first interview and 2.2 for the second
interview) as compared to false events (1.8 and 1.4)
- Clarity ratings higher for true events (6.3) compared to false (2.8)
- More words used to describe true events (138) as compared to false events (49).
- 7 of the 24 subjects
remembered the false
event. This then dropped
to 6 subjects (25%) after
the first interview.
- Weaknesses:
- Getting lost in
the shopping
mall is a
common
occurrence.
Sample size is
also small and
disproportionate.
Ethical issues
are also
prevalent.
- Getting lost in
the shopping
mall is a
common
occurrence.
Sample size is
also small and
disproportionate.
Ethical issues
are also
prevalent.
- 24 Subjects were asked to
recall a total of 72 true events
and they remembered 68%
(49) of the events.
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