Biology

Description

Year 9 Biology Mind Map on Biology, created by Karina Terlecka on 29/10/2017.
Karina Terlecka
Mind Map by Karina Terlecka, updated more than 1 year ago More Less
Jan :)
Created by Jan :) over 6 years ago
Karina Terlecka
Copied by Karina Terlecka over 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Biology
  1. Animal and Plant cells
    1. Animal Cell
      1. Nucleus - Contains genetic material (DNA) controls cell activity and contains chromosomes
        1. Cytoplasm - Gel like substance, most chemical reaction take place here, everything floats within the cytoplasm, contain enzymes
          1. Cell Membrane - Holds cell together and controls what goes in and out
            1. Mitochondria - Where respiration occurs
              1. Ribosomes - Produce protein
              2. Plant Cell
                1. Contains: Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane and Mitochondria, Ribosomes
                  1. Cell Wall - Made of cellulose and gives it structure
                    1. Vacuole - A large storage space, contains cell saps, stores food and nutrients
                      1. Chloroplast - Where photosynthesis occurs, they contain chlorophyll which is a green pigment
                    2. Magnification
                      1. Magnification = Image Size / Actual Size
                        1. Actual Size = Image Size / Magnification
                          1. Image Size = Magnification x Actual Size
                            1. mm - micrometers = mm x 1000
                              1. micrometers - mm = micrometers / 1000
                                1. Final Magnification = Eyepiece Magnification x Objective Magnification e.g. Eyepiece = 10, Objective = 10, Final Magnification = 10 x 10 = 100x
                            2. Specialised Cell
                              1. Red Blood Cell - Carry oxygen, haemoglobin - picks up oxygen
                                1. White Blood Cell - Fights bacteria and viruses
                                  1. Egg Cell - Carries the mother's DNA, embryo provides food source for the fetus
                                    1. Sperm Cell - Carries the father's DNA, has a long tail to help it swim, streamlined body to enter the egg cell
                                      1. Root Hair Cell - Absorb minerals and water from soil
                                        1. Nerve Cell - Carries electrical nerve impulses around the body
                                          1. Palisade Cell - Carries out photosynthesis, contain a lot of chloroplast
                                          2. Ezymes and Nutrients
                                            1. Speeding up and a Chemical Reaction
                                              1. Increase temperature
                                                1. Increase surface area
                                                  1. Decrease volume = Increase pressure
                                                    1. Increase concentration
                                                      1. Biological catalyst
                                                        1. pH and Enzyme action
                                                          1. pH 4 - Slightly acidic - Starch was digested instantly
                                                            1. pH 7 - Neutral - Starch was digested in 2 minutes
                                                              1. pH 9 - Slightly Alkaline - Enzyme denatured
                                                              2. Temperature and Enzyme action
                                                                1. 7 *C - Starch was digested in 9 minutes
                                                                  1. 40*C - Starch was digested in 4 minutes
                                                                    1. 70*C - Enzymes denatured
                                                                      1. 20*C - Starch was digested in 6 minutes
                                                                      2. Amylase - Enzyme which breaks down starch
                                                                    2. Inside Bacteria
                                                                      1. Eukaryote - With a nucleus
                                                                        1. Prokaryote - Without a nucleus
                                                                        2. Energy in Foods
                                                                          1. (Mass of Water (H2O) (g) * 4.2 * Temp rise (*C)) / Change of mass of food (g)
                                                                            1. Testing Foods
                                                                              1. Iodine Test - Starch
                                                                                1. Orange - Starch absent
                                                                                  1. Black - Starch present
                                                                                  2. Biuret's Test - Protein
                                                                                    1. Blue - Protein absent
                                                                                      1. Purple - Protein present
                                                                                      2. Benedict's Test - Reducing Sugars
                                                                                        1. Blue - Sugar absent
                                                                                          1. Green - Sugar present
                                                                                            1. Orange or Red - High amounts
                                                                                            2. Emulsion Test - Lipids (Fats)
                                                                                              1. Clear - Lipids absent
                                                                                                1. Cloudy - Lipids present
                                                                                            3. Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water (respiration)
                                                                                              1. Water + Carbon Dioxide = Oxygen + Glucose (photosynthesis)
                                                                                            4. Enzyme Action
                                                                                              1. 1) Binding substance = Reactants / Substrate
                                                                                                1. 2) Part where binding occurs = Active site
                                                                                                  1. 3) Enzyme + Substrate joined= Enzyme - substrate complex
                                                                                                    1. 4) What happens= Chemical reactions occur to change the substrate and the bonds
                                                                                                      1. 5) Outcome released from the Enzyme = Product
                                                                                                        1. Enzymes are proteins which speed up a chemical reaction
                                                                                                          1. 6) The enzyme returns to its previous state / shape
                                                                                                            1. Denaturing - When the enzyme changes shape and the substrates no longer fit therefore a chemical reaction will not take place
                                                                                                            2. Acids + Alkalis
                                                                                                              1. 0 - 6 = Acid
                                                                                                                1. 7 = Neutral
                                                                                                                  1. 8 - 14 = Alkali
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