90564
| Question | Answer |
| Social mobility | Change of position between social classes e.g. a movement from working to middle class would be an upward social movement |
| Equality of educational opportunity | Principle that all people should be provided with equal opportunity in education - irrespective of their sex, age, ethnicity or religion |
| Streaming | Where children are separated in different teaching groups based on their ability |
| Meritocracy | People are rewarded based on their talents and abilities rather than their social background |
| Material deprivation | Lacking basic necessities due to poverty e.g. living in overcrowded housing depresses school performance |
| Cultural deprivation | Inadequate socialisation in the home e.g. little or no motivation & parents take no interest in school achievement |
| Immediate gratification | Preference for immediate pleasure or reward without considering the long term consequences |
| Cultural capital | Desired knowledge, language and social skills which aid student's success in school. Middle class parents pass this on to their children by trips to museums etc. |
| Economic capital | Money or wealth which allows people to buy educational success e.g. rich parents can send their children to private schools |
| Hidden curriculum | Things learnt at school which are not openly or formally taught e.g. obedience |
| Formal curriculum | Things learnt at school which are openly taught e.g. subjects in the national curriculum |
| Labelling | Process of attaching a preconceived idea of a student on to them e.g. troublemaker |
| Stereotyping | Preconceived (often negative) idea about a person e.g. all black boys are disruptive |
| Self-fulfilling prophecy | Where students live up to predictions or labels placed on them by teachers |
| Anti-school subcultures | Set of attitudes and values that go against mainstream or pro-school subcultures e.g. a high value is placed on truancy |
| Marketisation | Process of opening schools up to the free market by creating competition between schools e.g. exam league tables |
| Ethnocentric | Concerning only one cultural perspective & excluding all others e.g. only English history |
| Primary socialisation Secondary socialisation | Primary - Learning of norms & values within family Secondary - Learning of norms & values outside the family e.g. school |
| Norms | Normal ways of behaving e.g. wearing clothes and not swearing at old people |
| Values | Ideas or beliefs that are felt to be important e.g achieving good grades |
| False class-consciousness | Not being aware of your true class interests e.g. working class are not aware that they're being exploited |
| Correspondence principal | Idea that there is a strong relationship between the way that schools and workplaces are ran/organised e.g. both have hierarchies |
| New vocationalism | Educational policies that are concerned with imparting work based skills and qualifications |
| Social control | Process by which society gets people to conform or behave as they want them to e.g. detentions in school to stop lateness |
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