2244367
Description
Flashcards by Beth Morley, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Beth Morley
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Altruistic Suicide | Emile Durkheim's term for suicide in societies where people see their own happiness as unimportant |
| Anomic Suicide | Durkheim's term for suicide in societies where rapid change is occuring |
| Egoistic Suicide | Durkheim's term for suicide in societies where people regard their individual happiness as very important |
| Fatalistic Suicide | Results from the over-regulation of the individual (e.g. in prison or psychiatric institution) |
| Anomie | Term, first used by Durkheim, to describe a breakdown of social expectations and behaviour; later used by Merton to explain reactions to situations in which socially approved goals were impossible for the majority of the population to reach legitimately |
| Bedroom Culture | Used by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber to describe that girls are more likely than boys to socialize with their friends in the home, rather than on the streets or other public places |
| Chivalry Factor | Used to suggest that the criminal justice system may treat women more leniently than men |
| Cultural Transmission | Values are passed on from one generation to the next |
| Differential Association | Theory that deviant behaviour is learned from, and justified by, family and friends |
| Hegemonic | The dominant form of something |
| Hegemony | The ideas and values of the ruling class that dominate thinking in society |
| Ideology | Set of ideas and beliefs that justify actions |
| Ideological State Apparatus | A term used by the Neo-Marxists writer Louis Althusser for those institutions that he claims exists to control the population through manipulating values (e.g. the media) |
| Deviancy Amplification | When the action of the rule enforces or media in response to deviance brings about an increase in the deviance |
| Institutional Racism | Racism that is built into the normal practices of an organization e.g. the police |
| Infrastructure | Term used by Marxists to describe the way a society produces wealth |
| Interpretivist Sociologist | Those whose approach to sociology and research emphasises understanding society by exploring the way people see society, rather than by following traditional scientific analysis |
| Left Realism | A criminological theory, which argues that crime is a real problem affecting working communities. Left Realists argue that it is better to work within capitalism to improve people's lives, than to attempt full social change |
| Longitudinal Research | Sociological research method involving studying a group over a long period of time |
| Macro Theory | Way of looking at society, which concentrates on how social structure determines individual behaviour |
| Micro Theories | Ways of explaining society that focus on how individuals interpret the social world |
| Marginalized | A sociological term referring to those who are pushed to the edge of society in cultural, status or economic terms |
| Master Status | When people are looked at solely on the basis of one type of act (good or bad) that they have committed, ignoring all other aspects of that person e.g. thief, murderer |
| Meritocratic | System of government or another administration in which people are appointed on merit |
| Meta-narratives | A postmodernist term used to refer to the structural theories of Marxism and functionalism |
| Night-time economy | Refers to the way a leisure industry has developed at night in certain parts of the inner cities, providing the location of many offences |
| Operationalize | To define something in such a way that it cant be measured |
| Polarization | Marx- Rich get richer, poor get poorer |
| Paternalistic | Patronizing approach that removes people's freedom to choose |
| Positivists | Those advocating an approach that supports the belief that the way to gain knowledge is by following the conventional scientific model |
| Postmodern | Rejects modernism attempts to explain the world through overreaching theories. Instead it suggests that there is no single, shared reality and focuses attention on the significance of the media in helping to construct numerous realities |
| Qualitative Data | Data concerned with feelings, motives and experiences |
| Qualitative Research | A general term for approaches to research that are less interested in collecting statistical data, and more interested in observing and interpreting the ways in which people behave |
| Strain | Robert Merton- a lack of balance and adjustment in society |
| Superstructure | Marxists- to describe the parts of society that are responsible for socialization and the spreading of ideology |
| Verstehen | Weber- the role of sociology is to understand partly by seeing through the eyes of those being studied similar to 'empathy' |
| Zone of Transition | Area of city with high level of population turnover |
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