Chapter 1 Flashcards

Description

Final Exam resource for chapter one material.
Becka Landry
Flashcards by Becka Landry, updated more than 1 year ago
Becka Landry
Created by Becka Landry over 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question Answer
Anthropology the study of humankind through all times and places the study of biological & cultural evolution & diversity of human beings, past & present
Characteristics of Anthropology - a focus on the concept of culture - holistic approach - comparative perspective
Culture a society's shared & socially transmitted ideas, values, & perceptions
Holistic Approach the fundamental principle of anthropology wherein various parts of human culture & biology must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnection & interdependence
Comparative perspective an approach that uses data about the behaviors & beliefs in many societies to document both cultural universal & cultural diversity
Globalization the spread of economic, political, & cultural influences across a large geographic area or many different societies
Ethnocentrism widespread human tendency to perceive the ways of doing things in one's own culture as normal & natural & that of others as strange, inferior & possibly even unnatural or inhuman
Cultural Relativism an approach in anthropology that stresses the importance of analyzing cultures in each culture's own terms rather than in terms of the cultures of the anthropologist
Subfields of Anthropology cultural archaeology physical (biological) linguistic
Cultural Anthropology the study of different patterns in human behavior, thought, & feelings it focuses on humans as culture-producing & culture-reproducing creatures
Fieldwork the term anthropologists use for on-location research
Participant Observation a component of fieldwork which is the technique of learning a people's culture through direct participation in their everyday life over an extended period of time
Ethnography the detailed description of a particular culture based on fieldwork - requires field work to collect data - often descriptive - group/community specific
Ethnology the study & analysis of various cultures from a comparative & historical aspect - uses data collected by a series of researchers - usually synthetic - comparative/cross-cultural
Archaeology focuses on the study of material culture through the recovery & analysis of material remains
Biological Anthropology focuses on humans as biological organisms, evolution, & human variation a method in which researchers analyze fossils & observe living primates to reconstruct the ancestry of the human species
Linguistic Anthropology the study of human languages (3 components: descriptive, historical, social or cultural)
Descriptive Component of Linguistic Anthropology includes syntax & grammar of the language
Historical Component of Linguistic Anthropology the way languages change over time
Social or Cultural Component of Linguistic Anthropology where researchers understand the relationship between a people's culture & their language
Applied Anthropology the use of anthropological knowledge & methods to solve practical problems, often for a specific client
Anthropological Ethics what is owed to the people or materials an anthropologist is studying
Informed Consent a recorded agreement to participate in research; federally mandated for all U.S. & European research
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