4846185
Description
Flashcards by Carissa Loft, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Carissa Loft
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Sex | Observable physical characteristics that distinguish males and females needed for biological reproduction |
| Sexual Dimorphism | females and males are physically distant |
| Intersex | Inds. who exhibit sexual organs and functions somewhere between male and female elements, often including elements of both |
| Gender | Cultural expectations of how males and females should behave |
| Gender/Sex systems | the ideas and social patterns a society uses to organize males, females and those who don't fit either category. Sex as capacity for gamete production |
| Culture constructs gender through... | symbols of beauty and attraction |
| Destab | Taunt and frighten their opponents |
| Sexual desire... | among one of the strongest forces that motivate human behavior (biological function that makes any cultural universal) |
| Sexual gratiftication | Greatest human pleasures |
| humans have how many overt cues signaling ovulation? | few or none |
| Frequent, more pleasurable intercourse makes... | reproduction viable (successful) |
| Cultural universals relating to reproduction... | Puberty recognition, sexual restrictions, pregnancy and post-natal care, incest taboos |
| More universals of reproduction | -Courtships (with who and when to have sex) -Marriage function: more than one person to care for offspring but culturally much more) |
| Puberty | Sexual matruation and social transition to adulthood |
| Males in puberty | Entry into masculine social gender roles than biology |
| Percentage of homosexuality in males (Kinsey) | 25-37% |
| Females in puberty | Biologically distinct, marked by menarche |
| Females in puberty: (social meaning varies between... | Agricultural societies vs industrial socities |
| Relativism and Ethnocentrism is related to which puberty act... | Gential Cutting |
| Relatvism | Knowledge, truth and morality exist in relation to culture, society or historical context and are not absolute |
| Differences between circumcision vs genital mutilation | value judgment and meaning (coming of age) |
| Dogon menstrual huts: Emic Explanation | isolate and protect village (sacred areas) from danger associtaed with menstration |
| Dogon menstrual huts: Etic Explanation | Allow men to identify female fertility and paternity and allows women to offer social support |
| Frequency of Dogon Menstrual cycling | 110 cycles per lifetime |
| Western Menstrual cycling | 350-400 cycles per lifetime (birth control, nutrition and breast feeding) |
| Adult roles of lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer and transgender: | cross cultural search for biological and cultural meanings ... western society sees it as depending on cultural and biological factor (is this true) and as "third" or "variant" vs cultural diversity |
| Hijars | India- males who are sexually impotent b/c born interest or castrated |
| Incest Taboo | to prevent sexual relation between close kin. mother & son, father &daughter, bro & sis, and cousins ,etc. |
| 3 cases of generalized incest avoidance | -Shim-pua marriage: past practice of Taiwan -Kvaeli Kibbutain: endogamy, preffered but rare/absent among communally reared children -Patrilateral parallel cousin (father's brothers son or daughter) |
| Marriages that are between first cousins is highest in which country? | 48% Pakistan |
| Fecundity | the potential reproductive capactiy of an organism (immediate) can reproduce |
| IBI (Inter Birth Interval) | The time that lapses between birth (major compontent of fetrility) |
| IBI | -Female fertiltiy and fat 22% (energy balance) -Desire to be prey. by mode of production (value of child ecomonically) -Control of pregnancy |
| Global Carrying Capacity | -population will double in 150 years -Not a #, standard of living |
| Males control of pregnancy | men may construct cultures that inhibit the open transmission of this knowledge (paternity certainty) |
| Lactational Amenorrhea | the temporary postnatal infertility that occurs when a woman is amenorrheic (not menstrating) and fully breastfeeding |
| Coverage of maternal health services: | 97%- developed countries ~53% nondeveloped countries |
| highest cause of maternal death | 24% severe bleeding |
| Breastfeeding for (how many years) is best for social and biological human development | 2-4 years |
| Men control dominant culture & have used it in an attempt to control... | -nutrition of offspring -sexual relations (interest/hormomes of partner) -repression of breastfeeding |
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