78224
Description
Flashcards by Evie Daines, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evie Daines
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| -ALVEOLI- Transfer oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide in the lungs made up of air sacs ADAPTATIONS OF THE ALVEOLI 1.enormous surface area 2. Moist lining to dissolve gases 3. Very thin walls 4. Good blood supply | -ACTIVE TRANSPORT- Substances absorbed against a low to high concentration gradient -ROOT HAIR CELL hairs stick into soil which gives them a large surface area to absorb water and mineral ions -they take in minerals through active transport -minerals inside the root are higher than in the soil, so it goes the other way -GUT it occurs here when there is a higher glucose concentration in the blood |
| ARTERIES blood away from the heart Carry blood under pressure strong and elastic, stretch and spring back CAPILLARIES arteries branch out into capillaries they are really funny and close to every cell to exchange substances permeable wall and supply blood and oxygen and remove waste there walls are only one cell thick VEINS capillaries join up to veins They work at a lower pressure and their wake don't need to be as thick Have a bigger lumen and also have valves-so blood flows in one direction | |
| -THE BLOOD- RED BLOOD CELLS -carry oxygen from the lungs to all cells in the body -large surface area -don't have a nucleus so they can carry more oxygen -they contain a pigment cashed haemoglobin that's combines with oxygen WHITE BLOOD CELLS -they change shape to engulf unwelcome microorganisms -they produce anti bodies and anti toxins -they have a nucleus PLATELETS -help blood to clot at a wound to stop blood pouring out PLASMA -transports everything in the blood | -CIRCULATION AIDS- Artificial blood keeps you alive in an emergency This gives the patients enough time to create new blood cells You can replace the heart with artificial parts-these are mechanical the body doesn't reject but surgery can cause infection heart valves can be replaced Stents keep arteries open if they clog up by fatty deposits. |
| -BREATHING SYSTEM- Lungs are in the thorax Ventilation is breathing in and out BREATHING IN - intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract -thorax volume increases -pressure decreases allowing air in BREATHING OUT -intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax -volume decreases -pressure increases forcing air out ARTIFICIAL VENTILATORS Machines that move air in and out. People can't breath themselves. -iron lung- giant case for neck to abdomen, pressure change BUT could interfere with blood flow -modern ventilators- use pumps to pump air in and out of lungs | |
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-DIFFUSION THROUGH MEMBRANES- VILLI -located in the small intestine -increase surface area and create a blood supply -single layer of surface cells -blood supply for absorption |
| -OSMOSIS- The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high concentration to low concentration. -can move both ways -sucrose and water solutions -a type of diffusion | -GAS EXCHANGE- Substances move by diffusion, osmosis and active transport -diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low -ADAPTATIONS OF EXCHANGE - -thin -large surface area -blood vessels -ventilation Leaves allow gases to diffuse -air spaces and stomata allow co2 in and water and oxygen to diffuse out EVAPORATION OCCURS BEST IN HOT DRY AND WINDY CONDITIONS |
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