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Description
Flashcards by Jasmine Tran, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jasmine Tran
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| The major body cavities? (2 main, 4 sub) | Dorsal Cavity--(cranial & spinal) Ventral Cavity--(thoracic & abdominopelvic) |
| Histology | study of tissues |
| What are the 4 fundamental tissues? | Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous epi-layers, thicker at bottom connective-nerves everywhere muscle-long stringy nervous-one big stretchy eye |
| Epithelial Cells | cover, line, and protect the body and its internal organs; it is AVASCULAR (lacks blood vessels) |
| SIMPLE squamous, cuboidal, columnar | squamous- Allows passage of materials by diffusion & filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substance all-secretion & absorption |
| STRATIFIED squamous, cuboidal, columnar | squamous-protects tissues in areas subjected to abrasion all protects |
| PSEUDOSTRATIFIED ciliated columnar (long wit hair at the top) | secretion of mucus; pushing mucus forward by cilia |
| Connective Tissue | framework of the body, providing support and structure for the organs |
| Nerve Tissue | Composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as neuroglia |
| Muscle Tissue What are the two types of muscle tissues and name examples from both. | Muscle tissues have the ability to contract or shorten. Voluntary muscle--(skeletal muscle) Involuntary muscle--(smooth & cardiac muscle) |
| Cell | basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs |
| Nucleus | contains deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
| Ribosomes | important in the synthesis of proteins |
| Proteins | include the enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions within the body |
| Mitosis | necessary for growth and repair. DNA is duplicated and distributed into two daughter cells |
| Meiosis | special cell division that takes place in the gonads (ovaries/testes). The chromosome number is reduced from 46 to 23 so when the egg & sperm unite in fertilization, the zygote will have the correct # of chromosomes |
| 2 layers of skin sit on top of what? | epidermis & dermis subcutaneous tissue that connects the skin to the superficial muscles |
| Layers of epidermis Which layer does mitosis occur? | stratum corneum (outer) stratum germinativum (inner) is where mitosis occurs |
| Epidermal cells contain the protein pigment called? | melanin, which protects against radiation from the sun |
| 2 types of sweat glands | Eccrine & Sebaceous |
| Eccrine glands | widely distributed, regulate body temp by releasing water secretion that evaporates from the surface of the skin |
| Apocrine secretion | in which parts of the cell are in secretion; contains bits of cytoplasm & the cell debris attracts bacteria=body odor; armpits & groin |
| Sebaceous glands | release an oily secretion (sebum) through the hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying |
| Holocrine secretion | produces sebum; in which whole cells of the gland are part of the secretion; pimples |
| What are the appendages of the skin? | Hair & nails |
| What is the strong protein that makes up hair and nails? | keratin |
| What make up the skeletal system? | bone, cartilage, ligaments, and joints |
| The axial skeleton consists of __ bones of the skull. | 28 |
| Hemopoiesis | blood cell formation |
| Where is interstitial fluid found in the body? | in the tissues around cells |
| What is the normal pH in the body? | 7.35-7.45 less would be acidosis, more would be alkalosis |
| Functions of the skeletal system? | support, movement, hemopoiesis, protection of internal organs, detoxification (removal of poisons), provision for muscle attachment, and mineral storage (calcium & phosphorus) |
| Why are bones considered to be organs? | They contain nervous & connective tissue |
| Bone classifications | long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid |
| Cancellous bone & Compact bone | spongy bone @ the ends of long bones/epiphysis @the shaft/diaphysis |
| What are cells that form compact bones? | Osteoblasts (responsible for bone formation) ((osteocytesbreakdown)) |
| Foramina | small openings in the body which allow cranial nerves, arteries, and veins to pass through solid structures |
| Where is the hyoid bone located? | neck |
| List the sequence of the vertebral column (from superior to inferior) | Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx |
| Synovial joints | most moveable joint, have fluid-filled capsule, most common body joint |
| Fibrocartilaginous joint | in the vertebral discs of spinal column, allow slight movement |
| Muscle contraction is result of what two fibers? | Actin and Myosin filaments |
| Sarcomeres | Small units that make up myofibrils which make up each muscle cell |
| What must be present for a muscle cell to contract? | Calcium and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
| What is the longest muscle in the human body? | Sartorius (in the front of the thigh, from hip to end of femur) |
| Synergists | Muscles that work in cooperation with the prime mover muscle |
| Ligaments connect which two structures? | Bone to bone |
| Tendons connect which two structures? | Muscle to bone |
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