Coasts flashcards

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GCSE Geography (Rivers and Coasts) Flashcards on Coasts flashcards, created by katiehumphrey on 18/01/2014.
katiehumphrey
Flashcards by katiehumphrey, updated more than 1 year ago
katiehumphrey
Created by katiehumphrey almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Question Answer
coastal landforms cracks cave arch - Durdle Door stack - Old Harry stump - Old Harry's wife
coastal management sea wall rip rap groynes revetments gabions breakwaters beach replenishment managed retreat
waves wear away the coast using four processes of erosion hydraulic action corrasion attrition corrosion
hydraulic action waves crash against rock and compress air in the cracks putting pressure on rock - repeated compression widens cracks and bits of rock break
corrasion eroded particles in the water scrape against rock, removing small pieces
attrition eroded particles in the water smash into each other and break into smaller fragments
corrosion weak carbonic acid in seawater dissolves rock like chalk and limestone
destructive waves erode the coast they are frequent, high, steep and their backwash is more powerful than their swash meaning material is removed from the beach
wind and destructive waves the force of the wind on the water's surface is what creates waves - strong wind gives large, powerful waves
fetch and destructive waves the distance of water over which the wind has blown to produce a wave - greater fetch gives bigger and more powerful waves
cliffs retreat as a result of erosion, weathering and mass movements mass movements: slides slumps rockfalls
coastal weathering mechanical - freezethaw chemical - rainwater CO2
headlands and bays form where erosion resistance is different
headlands are eroded to form caves, arches, stacks and stumps
cove a wide, circular bay with a narrow entrance formed when there's a band of hard rock along a coast with a band of softer rock behind it
coast a zone of interaction between the sea/ocean and the land
constructive waves depositional landform shallow beach profile swash is stronger backwash is weaker
longshore drift LSD: the movement of material along the coast by the action of waves
four processes of transportation traction saltation suspension solution
deposition when material being carried by the sea water is dropped on the coast
beaches formed by deposition/constructive waves/longshore drift
sand beaches flat and wide - sand particles are small and the weal backwash can move them back down the beach, creating a long gentle slope
shingle beaches steep and narrow - shingle particles are large and the weak backwash can't move them back down the beach
spits: form at sharp bends in the coast - at river mouth LSD transports material past the bend and deposits it in the sea wind/waves curve end of spit
bar: formed when a spit joins two headlands together cuts off bay from sea lagoon forms behind
examples of coastal landforms durdle door - arch lulworth cove - cove chesil beach - tombolo swanage bay - bay old harry - stack old harry's wife - stump
economic reasons to protect the coast loss of tourism businesses near cliffs damages agricultural land property prices fall
social reasons to protect the coast deaths water supplies loss of housing loss of jobs damage to infrastructure
environmental reasons to protect the coast ecosystems affected sites of special scientific interest are threatened
hard engineering coastal defences sea wall rip rap groynes revetments gabions breakwaters
soft engineering coastal defences beach replenishment managed retreat
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