476596
Description
Flashcards by shattering.illus, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by shattering.illus
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| self report Data | revealing of self - obtained through interviews, blogs, questionnaires: ADV-wealth of knowledge, personal experience DIS- lies, bias, accuracy |
| L/L O/I S/S T/T | Life history data Observer Report Self-Report Test Data |
| structured unstructured | -closed questions: true and false, trait descriptive (ACL), -open-ended questions: Likert rating scale (least-most likely), Twenty statement test (I am...), experience reports |
| Observer-report data (O-data) | use friends, families, teachers, casual acquaintances gathering info about a persons personality ADV- access new info, group relation info, Multiple observers DIS- bias, inaccurate info, no ideal purposes for info/assess. |
| inter-rater reliability | multiple observers allows investigators to see if there is agreement/disagreement |
| multiple social personalities | personalities manifest in varying social environments depending on the relationship with others |
| naturalistic observation | observers witness and record events that occur in normal course of participants lives |
| Test data (T-Data) | participants are places in standardization testing, diff ppl react to same situation |
| Edwin Megargee's study (1969) | 1. high domiant(h-d) woman w/ Low-d man 2. h-d man w/ L-d man 3. h-d woman w/ L-d woman 4. h-d man w/ L-d woman man are more likely to take leadership role, even if less dominant. woman would appoint the men |
| T-data adv dis | ADV: control the context of experiment, test hypothesis DIS: try to guess the trait being measured, or interrupt the experiment differently, researcher influencing test |
| actometer mechanical recording device | modified self-winding watch, which can be strapped to arms, legs of participants, registers activity- usually kids |
| Physiological Data fMRI eyeblink startle reflex | arousal, reactivity, speed at taking in information, blood pressure, SNS, muscle contraction, brain waves |
| Christopher patrick psychopathy | used eye blink startle test to see if psychopaths have a normal reaction to fear --- psychopaths exhibit less anxiety + guilt in test |
| fMRI used in personality +psychopathology | function Magnetic resonance imaging- gauges the iron in oxygen used by brain & lights up the parts of brain using more |
| Projective technique Hermann Rorschach | person is given a standard stimulus and asked what he/he sees. -Inkblot |
| Life-outcome data (L-data) | info from events, activities, outcomes in persons life available to public scrutiny - may use S/O data to predict L |
| L-Data | severity of trait, frequency it is displayed |
| L-Data | severity of trait, frequency it is displayed |
| 3 standards of personality assessment | 1. reliability 2. Validity 3. Generalizability |
| Reliability | degree to which an obtained measure represents true level of trait being measured |
| repeated measurement | repeating measures several times over time getting similar results |
| Response sets noncontent responding | tendency of some ppl to respond to questions on basis that is unrelated to question context |
| acquiescence | tendency to simply agree w/ questionnaire items regardless of contents |
| Extreme Responding | tendency to give endpoint responses, such as strongly agree/disagree |
| social desirability | tendency to answer items in such a way as to come across as socially attractive/ likable |
| 3 approaches to combatting social desirability | 1. Approval Motive 2.less susceptible question 3. forced-choice questionnaire |
| forced-choice questionnaire | test takers are confronted w/ pairs of statements & are asked to indicate w/h statement in each pair is more true |
| Social desirability from Delroy Paulhus is seen as two things: | 1. Self-Deception Enhancement subscale 2. Impression Management subscale |
| Validity | extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure |
| face validity | on surface appears to measure what it is supposed to measure |
| predictive validity criterion validity | test predicts criteria external to the test |
| convergent Validity | test correlates with the measures that it should correlate with, alternative measures correlate or converge with target measure |
| discriminant validity | what a measure should not correlate with -always done with convergent validity |
| construct validity | measures what it claims to measure, correlates w/ what it is supposed to correlate w/, doesn't correlate w/ what it isn't supposed to correlate w/ |
| theoretical constructs | Hypothetical internal entities useful in describing & explaining diff b/w ppl |
| Generalizability | degree to which the measure retains its validity across various contexts ex. ethnic groups, culture |
| experimental methods | to determine causality, whether one variable influences another variable |
| experimental methods | 1. variable manipulation 2. participants in each experimental experience same conditions |
| random assignment of... | all participants to experimental groups |
| counterbalancing | equivalence created by the order of events |
| 5 significant differences | 1. sample size 2. mean 3. standard deviation 4. t-test 5. p-value |
| p-value | significance of the differences among conditions |
| statistically significant | 1/20, 0.05, likely to occur 5/100 times |
| relationships among variables | how the variables relate to each other in the experiement |
| correctional method | statistical procedure used to determine whether there is a relationship b/w 2 variables |
| Correlational coefficient | statistical procedure for gauging rela. b/w variables |
| correlational research is interested in 2 variables | 1. direction 2. magnitude |
| directionality problem | A & B are correlated but not the cause |
| third variable problem | two variables might be related to a third unknown variable |
| case study method | examining life of one person w/ an in-depth look -can use recording, interviewing etc. |
| Gordon Allport | believed that personality could be studied through in-depth case studies |
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