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Description
Flashcards by gina_evans0312, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by gina_evans0312
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Genome | Entire Genetic Compliment of a Genome |
| C-Value | Total amount of DNA in the haploid genome |
| C-Value paradox | Lack of correlation between C-value and complexity due to various levels of repeating DNA |
| Viral Genome Size Variation | 10^3 - 10^6 |
| Bacterial Genome Size Variation | 10^6-7 |
| Eukaryotic Genome Size Variation | 10^6-11 |
| Oganism In Which C-Value Is Related To Complexity | Bacteria |
| Mycoplasma Genitalium | Smallest simple parasite |
| Nasuia Deltocypheria | Smallest bacteria known- 112,000kbp |
| Genome size is _ proportional to gene number | Directly |
| Pelagibacter Ubique- Genome Size | 1 million kBp (approx) |
| Pelagibacter Ubique- Why so important? | Smallest free living organism |
| Pelagibacter Ubique- How so small? | Few regulatory gene & no pseudo/phage genes |
| Viral Overlapping Genes | Usually each strand codes a separate gene i.e. VP3 is found in coding region for VP2 |
| Bacterial Replicons | Megaplasmids/minichromosomes |
| Bacterial Chromosomes | 1- few have more |
| Bacterial Chromosome Replication- Begins | At origin- though there can be multiple origins |
| Genes Near Origin | Tend to be more important |
| Bacterial Gene Orientation | In direction of replication- prevents head on collision between replication fork & transcription factors |
| Operon | Group of genes transcribed onto a single mRNA |
| Cluster | Genes found together & involved in the same process but transcribed separately |
| Experimentation- Null Mutations | See what effect this has on organism (done through recombination/RNA interference) |
| Recombination Cauing Null Mutations | Introduce gene containing a marker halfway through gene to be disrupted |
| Minimum Genome | Theoretical minimum no of genes needed to sustain life |
| Essential genes | Required for core processes i.e. DNA replication |
| Non-essential genes | Not vital but incur an advantage on organism |
| Finding Core Genes- Methods | Null mutations/DNA comparisons |
| Finding Core Genes- DNA comparisons | Compare two small genomes- genes in common are most likely to be vital |
| Finding Core Genes- Null Mutations | Study effects of null mutations- if organism dies, gene is most likely to be vital |
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