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| Question | Answer |
| What are the main components of the circulatory system | the heart the blood vessels the blood |
| Define the term heart rate | the number of times the heart beats in a minute |
| Define the term stroke volume | the amount of blood leaving the heart each beat |
| Define cardiac output | heart beat x stroke volume the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute |
| define resting heart rate | this is the heart rate when the body is at complete rest |
| define recovery rate | the time it takes for the heart to return to resting heart rate |
| define systolic and diastolic pressure | measured by a sphygomomanometer systolic - the pressure against the vessel walls when the heart is contracting diastolic - the pressure against the vessel walls when the heart is relaxing ( in between beats) |
| state some short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system | - increase in heart rate - increase in systolic blood pressure - increase in stroke volume - increase in cardiac output |
| state some long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system | - increase in size and strength of the heart ( cardiac hypertrophy) - increase in stroke volume - decrease in resting heart rate - quicker recovery rate - increased maximum cardiac output - increased number of red blood cells - increased capillerisation |
| What is the role of the cardiovascular system | 1. To transport oxygen in the blood to the working muscles 2. remove waste products 3. return the blood to the lungs for oxygenation |
| What is the equation for cardiac output | stroke volume x heart rate |
| Which is normally lower systolic or diastolic blood pressure | diastolic, because the blood flow is slower when relaxing - so there pressure is lower. |
| What's an issue with too high blood pressure | it can put strain on your arteries |
| What are the effects of an unhealthy diet on the blood vessels | fatty deposits can build up in blood vessels, resulting in high blood pressure and high cholesterol. |
| How many types of cholesterol are there? | 2 |
| What are the names for the two cholesterols | (HDL) High Density Lipoproteins - This is the good cholesterol that can take away cholesterol to be broken down (LDL) Low Density Lipoproteins - This is the bad cholesterol that causes deposits to build up in the arteries. This makes it harder for the blood to circulate. |
| How can long term exercise affect blood pressure and cholesterol | It lowers your blood pressure It lowers your cholesterol levels. |
| What are the dangers of doing nothing to reduce your b.p or cholesterol levels | You could suffer from stoke or coronary heart failure |
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