4072090
Description
Flashcards by Haley Cordova, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Haley Cordova
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 6 "rights" of medication adminstration | Right dose Right medication Right patient Right time Right route Right documentation |
| 1 cc = ? | 1 mL |
| 5 routes of medication administration | Enteral Topical Inhalation Sublingual/buccal Parenteral |
| Enteral route | Administration directly into GI tract (Oral, nasogastric, rectal) |
| 6 parenteral routes | Intradermal Subcutaneous Intramuscular Intra-arterial Intrathecal Intravenous |
| Intradermal injections are administered at what angle? | 15° |
| What angle are subq injections given at? | 45° |
| Angle for intramuscular injections | 90° |
| Typical sites for IM injections | Deltoid muscle (upper arm) Gluteal muscle (hip) Vastus lateralis muscle (lateral thigh) |
| Which IM injection site should be avoided in children under 5? | Gluteal muscle |
| What is the preferred IM injection site for children under 5? | Vastus lateralis |
| Locking device that holds needle by twisting | Luer-Lok |
| SESIPs | Sharps with Engineered Sharps Injury Protection |
| Rapid injection of a large dose of contrast medium to increase opacification of blood vessels | Bolus injection |
| How high above vein should Standard Gravity Flow IV be? | 18-24" |
| Code Red | Fire |
| Code Blue | Heart or respiration stopping |
| Code Orange | Hazardous material spill or release |
| Code Grey | Missing adult |
| Code Pink | Missing infant or child |
| Code Yellow | Mass casualty |
| Code Clear | Situation resolved |
| Code Silver | Active shooter |
| Normal flow rate for oxygen administration | 1 to 6 L/min |
| Trauma flow rate for oxygen administration | Up to 10 L/min |
| Maximum flow rate for oxygen administration | 15 L./min |
| Normal oxygen concentration | 24% to 45% |
| Simplest oxygen administration route Delivers 24% to 45% oxygen at a rate of 1 to 6 L/min | Nasal cannula |
| Provides oxygen and humidity for short term use 40% to 60% oxygen at 1 to 10 L/min | Simple oxygen face mask |
| 100% oxygen in bag | Non-rebreathing oxygen face mask |
| Provides different percentage of oxygen as needed 40% to 70% | Partial rebreathing oxygen face mask |
| Allows precise control of oxygen percentage | High-flow oxygen mask |
| Which type of oxygen administration is commonly used for patients with COPD? | High-flow oxygen mask |
| High rate of oxygen and humidity, often used in pediatrics | Oxygen tent |
| For long-term use with critical patients Life support | Mechanical ventilator/respirator |
| Where should tip of endotracheal tube be located in a chest radiograph? | Above the carina |
| Surgical opening through neck to trachea | Tracheostomy |
| Asthma | Difficulty breathing caused by bronchospasm |
| Pulmonary embolism | Blood clot, fat, or air lodges in vessel restricting blood flow to lungs |
| Treatment for PE | Heparin (anticoagulant) |
| Acute Coronary Syndrome | Group of symptoms that indicate heart attack |
| Angina pectoris | Chest pain due to decreased oxygen to the heart because of narrowing of coronary arteries |
| Treatment for angina pectoris | Sublingual nitroglycerin |
| Cardiac arrest | Heart stops If no pulse or respiration begin CPR |
| Lack of circulation will cause brain damage in ________ minutes | 3 to 5 minutes |
| Minimal tissue damage to brain Temporary mild disruption of physiological activity | Concussion |
| Contrecoup | Injury on opposite side of trauma |
| Contusion | Brain bruise |
| Signs and symptoms of increased cranial pressure (due to bleeding and swelling) | Decreased level of consciousness Lethargy Decreased responsiveness Irritability Headache Nausea/vomiting Decreased pulse and respiration rate |
| 4 levels of consciousness | 1. Alert and conscious 2. Drowsy but responsive 3. Unconscious, but reactive to painful stimuli 4. Comatose |
| Blood in pleural space | Hemothorax |
| Air in pleural space | Pneumothorax |
| Opening in chest wall with tube inserted into pleural cavity | Thoracostomy |
| Flail chest | Multiple rib fractures, part of chest wall is separated Can cause atelectasis; life threatening |
| Bleeding into the pericardium causing increased pressure that compromises heart function | Cardiac tamponade |
| When sutures break open | Post-surgical wound dehiscence |
| First degree burn | Epidermis only Red, swollen, painful |
| Second degree burn | Dermal layer Extensive blistering |
| Third degree burn | AKA Full thickness Nerve endings destroyed Charred, white appearance Requires skin grafts |
| When radiographing burn patients what type of isolation should be employed? | Reverse isolation (Protect the patient from your germs) |
| Most accurate indicator of shock | BP 30 mm/Hg below baseline systolic or below 50 mm/Hg diastolic |
| Hypovolemic Shock | Large blood or fluid loss (hemorrhage, vomiting) Treated with fluid replacement and oxygen |
| Septic Shock | Occurs from massive infection Blood pressure drops rapidly Treated with antibiotics |
| Neurogenic shock | Caused from injury to nervous system, head/spinal trauma Decreased BP |
| Cardiogenic shock | Interference with heart function (MI or PE) |
| Shock | Failure of circulation Blood pressure drops too low to support oxygen to vital tissues |
| How to treat shock | Stop the procedure Lay patient on back Elevate feet to increase blood flow to brain Check BP and be ready for CPR Call code |
| Syncope | Fainting Mild form of shock, help patient to ground without injury |
| Psychological Shock | Now known as PTSD Caused by psychological stress |
| Common, normal side effects of contrast injection | Warm, flushed feeling Sensation of urination Metallic taste |
| Mild reaction to contrast | Nausea, vomiting Help patient to lateral recumbent, provide basin and monitor |
| Intermediate reaction to contrast | Erythema, urticaria, bronchospasm, dyspnea Notify radiologist immediately, stay with patient as symptoms can progress to anaphylactic shock Benadryl or epinephrine to treat |
| Anaphylaxis/Severe allergic reaction to contrast | Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), warmth, tingling, itching, feeling of doom Can lead to seizures, cardiac arrest Call code Treat with epinephrine |
| Vasovagal reaction | Non-allergic, contrast stimulates vagus nerve Hypotension, bradycardia, diaphoresis Treat with atropine |
| Diabetes Insipidus | Caused by kidney or pituitary disorder and characterized by polyuria and extreme thirst |
| Diabetes Mellitus | Inability to metabolize blood glucose Not enough insulin or cells stop responding to insulin |
| DM Type I | Insulin deficiency Juvenile (Under age 25) Abrupt onset |
| DM Type II | Non-insulin dependent Can be insulin deficiency or unreceptiveness Age 40+, overweight Gradual onset |
| Hyperglycemia | Increased blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis | Insufficient insulin causes liver to begin to break down fat for fuel creating ketones |
| Hypoglycemia | Low blood sugar Give candy or OJ PO |
| Cerebrovascular accident | Stroke Caused by interruption of blood flow to brain due to hemorrhage or clot |
| Warning signs of CVA | Slurred speech Dizziness Severe headache Muscle weakness Blurred vision Temporary loss of consciousness |
| Grand mal | Major motor seizure Violent convulsions, loss of consciousness |
| Petit mal | Partial, focal seizure Uncontrollable tremors |
| Absence seizure | Brief loss of consciousness Patient stares into space, eyes flutter |
| Epistaxis | Nose bleed Have patient squeeze septum but do not lie down, blow nose, tilt head back or talk |
| Medical asepsis | Reducing pathogenic microorganisms in the environment and intervening in their spreading |
| Surgical asepsis | Process of creating and maintaining an area that is completely free of pathogens |
| Chemical sterilization | Uses chemicals Difficult to determine effectiveness as it depends on immersion time, solution strength, temperature Not recommended for surgical asepsis |
| Autoclaving | Steam sterilization Most common For objects that can stand up to 275° and moisture |
| Conventional gas sterilization | Heated mixture of gases Used for items that cannot be autoclaved Effective but gases are poisonous and it is time consuming |
| Gas plasma sterilzation | Safer and more cost-effective than conventional gas sterilization Not good for linens or objects with long, narrow lumens |
| Dry heat | Most popular and effective Vacuum chamber with infrared heating element, up to 329° to 338° Cheaper than autoclave, but time consuming and not good for objects that cannot withstand heat |
| How far up arms do you scrub during surgical hand scrub? | 2" past elbows |
| How long should you scrub hands during surgical hand scrub? | 1 minute per hand |
| Closed gloving method | With sterile gowning |
| Open gloving method | Without sterile gowning |
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