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| Question | Answer |
| Protist | any eukaryote that is not a plant, an animal, or a fungus |
| pseudopod | projection of cytoplasm, or false foot, used by some protists for feeding or movement |
| amoeboid movement | -type of locomotion used by amoebas, in which they extend out a pseudopod, after which the cytoplasm streams into the extended pseudopod, pulling the rest of the cells with it |
| food vacuole | small cavity in the cytoplasm of protists that temporarily stores food |
| cilium | short hairlike projection similar to a flagellum; produces movement in many cells |
| trichocyst | small, bottle-shaped structures used for defense by paramecia |
| macronucleus | the larger of a ciliate’s two nuclei, contains multiple copies of most of the genes that the cell needs in its day-to-day existence |
| micronucleus | the smaller of a ciliate’s two nuclei; contains a “reserve copy” of all of the cell’s genes |
| gullet | indentation in one side of a ciliate that allows food to enter the cell |
| anal pore | region of the cell membrane of a ciliate where waste-containing food vacuoles fuse and are then emptied into the environment |
| contractile vacuole | cavity in the cytoplasm of some protists that collects water and discharges it from the cell |
| conjugation | form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information |
| accessory pigment | compound other than chlorophyll that absorbs light at different wavelengths than chlorophyll |
| eyespot | group of cells that can detect changes in the amount of light in the environment; helps organism find light to power photosynthesis |
| pellicle | cell membrane in euglenas |
| phytoplankton | population of algae and other small, photosynthetic organisms found near the surface of the ocean and forming part of plankton |
| phycobilin | accessory pigment found in red algae that is especially good at absorbing blue light, enabling red algae to live deeper in the ocean than other photosynthetic organisms |
| filament | in algae, a long threadlike colony formed by many green algae; in plants, a long, thin structure that supports an anther |
| alternation of generations | process in which many algae switch back and forth between haploid and diploid stages of their life cycles |
| gametophyte | haploid, or gamete-producing, phase of an organism |
| spore | haploid reproductive cell |
| sporophyte | diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism |
| cellular slime mold | slime mold whose individual cells remain separated during every phase of the mold’s life cycle |
| acellular slime mold | slime mold that passes through a stage in which its cells fuse to form large cells with many nuclei |
| plasmodium | structure with many nuclei formed by acellular slime molds |
| zoosporangium | spore case developed from hyphae, which then produces flagellated spores that swim away in search of food |
| antheridium | male reproductive structure in some algae and plants |
| oogonium | specialized structure formed by hyphae that produces female nuclei |
| fruiting body | slender reproductive structure that produces spores and is found in some funguslike protists |
| hypha | tiny filament that makes up a multicellular fungus or water mold |
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