2585176
Description
Flashcards by Tom Waterfall, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Tom Waterfall
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the three main arguments AGAINST business ethics? | 1. Perfect Competition Argument 2. Loyal Agent Argument 3. Just Obeying The Law Argument |
| What are the main arguments FOR business ethics? | 1. Ethics promotes organisational stability 2. Ethics best serves long term business interests 3. Profits and ethics do not have to be mutually exclusive 4. Society values ethical behaviour |
| What are the two absolutist consequentialist ethical theories and who did they arise from? | Egoism - Plato and Adam Smith Utilitarianism - Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill |
| What are the three (absolutist) non-consequentialist ethical theories and who did they arise from? | Ethics of duties - Immanuel Kant (and his categorical imperative) Ethics of rights - John Locke Ethics of justice - John Rawls |
| What are the three main relativist contemporary ethical theories and what are their main ideas? | Ethics of care/Feminist ethics - promoting love and awareness of others. Postmodern ethics - Focus on gut feelings and inner convictions. Ethics of virtue - Ethical actors posses Aristotelian virtues such as honesty, integrity, wisdom, sincerity etc. |
| What is the definition of ethics management? | " The direct attempt to formally or informally manage ethics through specific policies, practices and programs" |
| What are the formal methods of ethics management? | - Mission/ Value statements - Codes of Ethics - Ethics training - Ethics officers/committees - Social accounting |
| What are the main informal methods of ethics management? | - Culture change - Cultural learning - Ethical leadership |
| What is the cultural learning approach? | Employees are observed, and encouraged to participate in dialogue/critique of ethical issues and moral stances in the workplace. |
| What is culture change? And what are its main limitations? | Explicitly attempting to transform organisational culture to an ethical one. Problems are that it is a lengthy process, faces much resistance from organisational members and is ineffective. |
| Name the two types of ethical leader according to a certain pair of academics | - Moral person (Possess ethical virtues such as those of Aristotle) - Moral leader (Perform leadership behaviours such as proactive efforts to influence behaviour, purposefully modelling behaviour, communication about ethics and using rewards/punishment) (Brown and Trevino 2006) |
| According to which academics does "unethical leadership act as a cancer on the organisation, negatively influencing followers behaviour"? | Fisher and Lovell (2006) |
| Which companies can be used as examples when talking about ethics management? | Adidas - Ethical code and social accounting Starbucks - Mission statement,ethical code and decision making framework Kraft Food - 10 ethical rules and value statement |
| What is the definition of ethical leadership? | "The demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions, relationships and promotion through 2-way communication, reinforcement and decision making" (Brown, Trevino and Nelson 2005) |
| What are the main processes of ethical leadership? | - Social Learning Theory/ Role Modellng (Bandura and Brown and Trevino 2006) - Trickle-down effect (Mayer et al. 2006) |
| What are the outcomes of ethical leadership? | - Trust - Perceptions of leader effectiveness - Organisational wellbeing - Employee ethical behaviour - Motivation, organisational commitment and job satisfaction |
| What are the main criticisms of Absolutist theories? | - They are too abstract - They are elitist (are philosophers the only ones who can tell us what is right and wrong?) - They are too impersonal - They see actors as too rational |
| What is the main criticism of relativist/contemporary theories? | - They are too vague to guide ethical behaviour, can their principles really be easily followed? |
| What is pluralism and what are its benefits? | Pluralism is the idea that there are multiple perspectives to be considered when assessing an ethical issue, rather than one single ethical perspective. This helps make up for the limitations of individual theories, shows a lack of bias and enables further discussion around issues. |
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