22771539
Description
Flashcards by Jessica Taylor, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jessica Taylor
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the primary measurements of the blood gas machine | pH, pCO2, and pO2 |
| What is pH? | The negative log of the Hydrogen concentration -log[H+] |
| What is pCO2? | The partial pressure of carbon dioxide |
| What is pO2? | The partial pressure of oxygen |
| What are 'Respiratory acid' and 'Respiratory acidosis'? | Carbon dioxide is 'respiratory acid' and is the only acid which can be controlled by respiration. When the pCO2 is high, there is 'respiratory acidosis' |
| What are 'Metabolic acid' and 'Metabolic acidosis'? | Metabolic acids are all the body's acids except carbon dioxide - they are not controlled by respiration, hence they have to be neutralised, metabolised, or excreted by the kidney. Metabolic acidosis is a pH which is more acid than appropriate for the pCO2. |
| What is an acid? | A substance that dissociates in water to produce hydronium ions (H3O+) or more commonly (H+) |
| What is a base? | A substance that can accept protons (H+) |
| What is a buffer? | A mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base that attenuates a change in pH when a strong acid or base is added |
| Acute Respiratory Acidosis: pH, pCO2, HCO3, Base excess | pH: Low pCO2: High HCO3: N Base excess: N |
| Acute Metabolic Acidosis: pH, pCO2, HCO3, Base excess | pH: Low pCO2: N HCO3: low Base excess: low |
| Acute Respiratory Alkalosis: pH, pCO2, HCO3, Base excess | pH: High pCO2: low HCO3: N Base excess: N |
| Acute Metabolic Alkalosis: pH, pCO2, HCO3, Base excess | pH: High pCO2: N HCO3: High Base excess: High |
| Chronic Respiratory Acidosis: pH, pCO2, HCO3, Base excess | pH: N pCO2: High HCO3: High Base excess: High |
| Chronic Metabolic Acidosis: pH, pCO2, HCO3, Base excess | pH: N pCO2: Low HCO3: Low Base excess: Low |
| Chronic Respiratory Alkalosis: pH, pCO2, HCO3, Base excess | pH: N pCO2: Low HCO3: Low Base excess: Low |
| Chronic Metabolic Alkalosis: pH, pCO2, HCO3, Base excess | pH: N pCO2: High HCO3: High Base excess: High |
| What can be the cause of respiratory acidosis? | Rise in CO2 production (fever, sepsis), or failure of ventilation (CNS causes, muscle weakness, increased dead space) |
| What can be the causes of respiratory alkalosis? | Result of hyperventilation or decreased CO2 production |
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