2071048
Description
Flashcards by Hannah Tribe, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Hannah Tribe
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are some general benefits of using contraception? | 1. Preventing unwanted pregnancy and the associated costs 2. Reduces heavy/painful periods 3. Increases choice 4. Can improve sexual health 5. Gives female equality |
| What does the combined oral contraceptive pill contain? | A synthetic oestrogen (usually ethinyloestradiol) and progestagens (previously norethisterone,levonorgestrel - newere desogestrel, gestodene, norgestimate) |
| What is the mechanism of action of the COCP? | Oestrogen acts via -ve feedback on HPG axis to prevent release of LH and FSH, to trick the body into thinking it's pregnant and so preventing ovulation. Progestagens also have this -ve feedback effect, but also keep the endometrium at constantly thin, non-secretory levels, diminish movement of cilia in fallopian tubes and cause thickening of cervical mucus to prevent sperm entering the uterus. |
| What are the benefits of the COCP? (4) | 1. It is a reliable, safe method of contraception unrelated to coitus in which the woman is in control 2. It is rapidly reversible 3. Reduces risks of ovarian/endometrial and colon cancers 4. Can help in women who normally have heavy, painful periods or endometriosis/fibroids/RA? |
| What are the risks of the COCP? (5) | 1. Progestagens increase risk of arterial-related CVD 2. Oestrogen increases production of clotting factors in the liver so increases risk of DVT, VTE etc. 3. Possible increased risk of breast/cervical cancer 4. Dermatological problems 5. Psychological - mood swings/effect on libido? |
| What is the rule for taking COCP? | Take every day for 21 days, then have 7 day pill free interval (PFI). If miss a pill in frist 7 days, use condoms for extra protection. If miss a pill in last 7 days, do not have a PFI, start next packet straight away. |
| What are some interacting drugs on the COCP? | 1. Any liver enzyme-inducing drugs which would affect metabolism of hormones 2. Some broad spectrum antibiotics |
| What is the combined vaginal contraceptive? | Same as the pill, but given into the vaginal mucosa for 21 days, then removed for 7 days. |
| What are the various forms of progesterone only contraception? (4) | 1. Implants 2. Hormone releasing IUD 3. Progesterone-only pill (POP) 4. Injections |
| What is the most used POP and why is it favoured? | Desogestrel (Cerazette), because it has same effects as COCP without the risks of oestrogen, with a 12 hour window as with COCP. |
| How do copper bearing IUDs work? | They destroy sperm and prevent implantation by causing a local inflammatory reaction and secreting prostaglandins. |
| What are the benefits of IUDs? (5) | 1. Non user-dependent 2. effective immediately but can also be reversed immediately 3. Can be very long term (up to 12 years?) 4. Very reliable 5. Unrelated to coitus |
| What are some of the risks of IUDs? (5) | 1. Trained medical professional must fit it 2. Fitting can be painful 3. Can cause heavier and more painful periods 4. No protection against STIs 5. Male may feel threads |
| What are the risks associated with IUDs? (3) | 1. If pregnancy occurs, it will be ectopic or cause a miscarriage 2. IUD may be expelled 3. May perforate the uterus (especially if unaware of the anatomy when inserting) |
| What are the absolute contraindications against IUDs? (4) | 1. Current pelvic inflammatory disease 2. Suspected or known pregnancy 3. Unexplained vaginal bleeding 4. Anatomical abnormalities of the uterus (e.g. 2 uteruses) |
| List some advantages of condoms (5) | 1. Gives control 2. Protects against STIs 3. No serious health risks 4. Easily available 5. Female only - can be left in advance and does not depend on an erection |
| List some disadvantages of condoms (4) | 1. Need education on proper use 2. Can cause allergic reactions 3. Can be less effective when combined with oily lubricants 4. Females only - can be expensive, messy and make noise during sex |
| What is a diaphragm cap? What are its advantages/disadvantages? | A latex dome that fits across the vagina and is used with a spermicide. Can be put in in advance, but can be messy, with higher failure rate and chance of UTI/Candida, needs education to use. |
| How can fertility awareness be used as a contraceptive method? | If a woman has a regular cycle so can know exactly when she is ovulating, she can plan when to have sex to avoid/cause pregnancy. |
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of relying on fertility awareness? | It is non-medical and can be used worldwide, even within strict communities such as the Catholic church. However it requires education and may limit sexual activity and cause strain on relationships. |
| What is in the emergency contraceptive pill? | High dose of oestrogen and progesterone to prevent chance of pregnancy up to 72 hours after unprotected sex. Stats on effectiveness tell %prevention of pregnancies that would have occurred naturally. |
| What else can be used as emergency contraception? | Inserting a copper IUD (will kill sperm if in 1st half of cycle, prevent implantation in 2nd half). |
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