1925959
| Question | Answer |
| Nomenclature | A system of names, and the rules for using them |
| Unsaturated Hydrocarbon | A compound consisting of only carbon and hydrogen containing at least 1 carbon=carbon double bond |
| Homologous Series | An organic series with the same functional group but with each member differing by CH2 |
| Functional Group | A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound |
| Alkane | A homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+2 |
| Alkene | The homologous series with C=C double bonds with the general formula CnH2n |
| General Formula | The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series. |
| Empirical Formula | The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound |
| Structural formula | The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule |
| Displayed Formula | The relative positioning of atoms in a molecule with bonds drawn between them |
| Skeletal Formula | The simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from Alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups |
| Structural Isomers | Isomers with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula |
| Positional Isomerism | When a functional group is on a different numbered carbon (A type of structural isomerism) |
| Chain Isomerism | When branches occur in a chain |
| Stereoisomerism | Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different 3D arrangement in space |
| E/Z Isomerism | Where two different groups are attached to each carbon atom of a C=C double bond. |
| Cis-Trans Isomerism | A special case of E/Z isomerism in which two of the substituent groups are the same |
| Homolytic Fission | When a covalent bond breaks giving one electron to each atom, creating 2 neutral radicals. |
| Hetrolytic Fissoin | When a covalent bond breaks and gives both electrons to 1 atom forming 2 charged ions (1 positive and 1 negative) |
| Radical | A species with an unpaired electron |
| Nucleophile | An electron pair donor |
| Electrophile | An electron pair acceptor |
| Addition Reaction | When a species adds to another species - Requires a C=C carbon, carbon double bond |
| Substitution Reaction | When a species replaces another species in a reaction |
| Elimination Reaction | When a species is removed from a molecule - This usually forms a C=C double bond |
| Nucleophilic Substitution | When a Nucleophile replaces a leaving group (usually a halogen) |
| Free Radical Substitution | When a free radical replaces a species in a reaction |
| Fractional Distilation | When a mixture (eg. crude oil) is split into its components by their different boiling points |
| Cracking | When a long chain alkane is split into a shorter chain alkane and an alkene |
| Combustion | When a compound reacts (is burnt) completely in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water |
| Incomplete combustion | When a compound reacts (is burnt) in insufficient oxygen to form a mixture of carbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water |
| π - Bond | Formed by the sideways overlap of adjacent P orbitals |
| Polymer | A high molecular mass compound formed from a long chain of monomers |
| Monomer | A small molecule, usually an Alkene, used to build a polymer |
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