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| Question | Answer |
| Describe the primary ways we learn information | Intuition: Relying on common sense. Deduction: Using logic and common knowledge. Authority: Relying on academics. Observation: Relying on what one observes. |
| Describe the primary guides of study | Testability: Assumption that explanations for behaviour can be falsified. Empiricism: Gaining knowledge through systematic observation. Parsimony: Preferring a simpler explanation to a complex one. Determinism: Phenomena and behaviour occurs naturally. |
| What are the two main categories of research? | Applied research: Focuses on solving on real life problems. Must have external validity. Basic research: Understands the most basic processes by figuring our casual and general relationships. |
| Describe the differences between quantitative and qualitative data. | Quantitative: Uses simple numerical data, is probabilistic and claims objectivity. Qualitative: Uses a systematic approach to understand experiences and behaviour using texts and imagines and accepts subjectivity. |
| Describe and give examples of different kind of research questions. (Basic, applied, causal and descriptive) | Descriptive: Presence, frequency and relationship between behaviours. (Are university students anxious?) Causal: Finding out the causes of behaviours. (What makes university students anxious?) Basic: What are the causes? Applied: What can we implement to reduce anxiety? |
| Describe what a null and alternative hypothesis are? | Null: States there is no statistical significance between the two variables. Alternative: Supports your prediction. |
| Name and describe 4 types of variables. | INDEPENDENT: Variable measured. DEPENDENT: Variable manipulated. CONFOUNDING: Extraneous variable. CONTROL: Keep constant. |
| What are the four scales of measurement used for dependent variables? | Nominal: Simple, non ordered categories. Ordinal: Ordered continuum of categories. Interval: Equally spaced quantitative data. Ratio: Related to absolute zero. |
| What are the differences between the two main research groups? |
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