15152852
Description
Flashcards by Kellie Willhite, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kellie Willhite
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Chesapeake colonies (VA, MD) | -representative governments (House of Burgesses/Delegates) -settled to find profitable resources and trade routes -economy depended on growing and selling tobacco (boom/bust economy) -slavery: large tobacco plantations, center of domestic slave trade -VA was Anglican, MD allowed all Christians |
| New England colonies (MA, RI, Ct, NH) | -in MA, life was regulated by strict religious beliefs ("city on a hill" = beacon of righteousness) -believed in self rule and rights of individuals -not suited for farming -> trade economy (shipbuilding, fishing, ironworks) -slavery: no large plantation systems, slaves lived in cities and small farms -little individual freedom b/c of strict ethical and moral rule -had generally friendly relations w/ natives at first, but tensions developed |
| Middle colonies (NY, NJ, PA, DE) | -colonial assemblies, religious freedom -Pennsylvania: founded as a utopian community of progress and prosperity -"breadbasket" colonies, grew grains -two largest ports in the colonies (NYC, Philadelphia) -dominated by Quakers -many diverse ethnicities and religions along the Hudson River |
| Lower South colonies (NC, SC, GA) | -NC: most democratic colony, land of outcasts -GA: buffer colony against France and Spain, debtor's colony. slavery illegal -best suited for farming (mild winters, lots of rain, arable land); grew rice -slavery: large rice and cotton plantations -SC: constant war with Spanish Florida and native tribes |
| slavery | -proximity: only 2-6 to get to colonies from the Caribbean -experience: knowledge of working in sugar and rice production -immunity: less likely to get sick due to prolonged contact w/ European diseases -low escape possibilities: didn't know land, had no allies, highly visible -became an economic and racial institution -outnumbered white indentured servants by mid-1680s -Middle Passage: 1/5 died on the way from Africa to the Caribbean |
| Triangular Trade | 1) finished products (rum) sent from New England to Europe and Africa 2) once in Africa, slave traders captured slaves and transported them to the West Indies 3) picked up sugar/molasses for New England where it was distilled into rum |
| slave codes | -began in 1662 -made Africans and their children property of white owners for life -became a crime to teach a slave to read of wrtie -conversion to Christianity did not qualify the slave for freedom |
| mercantilism | -goal was economic self sufficiency through a closed economic system -colonies provided raw materials -mother country produces manufactured goods and sells them back to colonies -led to development of cities near ports and emergence of cash crop plantations in the south -competed with other European nations |
| Navigation Acts of 1660 | -laws to regulate trade and decrease smuggling -had to ship in English ships with 3/4 English crews -certain enumerated goods could only go to England (tobacco, rice, indigo, rum) -goods traded between colonies and other European ports had to be first unloaded at English ports -not strictly enforced (salutary neglect = turning a blind eye to smuggling as long as British were making profit) |
| characteristics of Spanish colonization | -focused on converting natives to Catholicism and on gaining wealth through tight control over colonies -3 Gs: God, gold,, glory |
| characteristics of French and Dutch colonization | -fewer inhabitants than other countries -focused on trade (fur) -had good relations with natives (alliances, intermarriage) |
| characteristics of English colonization | -based on agriculture -large number of men and women inhabited the colonies -relatively hostile relations with natives |
| Pueblo Revolt (late 17th century) | -Native American revolt in current-day NM against the Spanish -Spanish were expelled for 10 years -once Spanish regained control, they took a more accommodating approach to natives and allowed some religious accommodation |
| the Enlightenment | -focused on reason and knowledge -promoted new ideas about government (natural rights, consent of the governed, separation of powers) -influenced the American Revolution (began to question government and limited rights) |
| Anglicization | -process of colonies becoming and acting British -influenced by print culture (newspapers and writings) and communities based on English models |
| Roger Williams | -founder of Rhode Island (1647) -opposed to compulsory church service -> banished and moved to Providence -set up RI as a colony to practice religious toleration -believed in freedom of religion and separation of church and state |
| Anne Hutchinson | -dissenter in Mass. Bay who argued that the clergy were not entitled to spiritual authority -challenged prevailing assumptions about the role of women in Puritan society -felt that good faith was necessary for salvation |
| Salem Witch Trials (1692-1693 MA) | -many women were accused of being witches (from low social position, widowed, or challenged traditional gender roles) -20+ people were burned at the stake -created sense of worry in Puritan society -enforced good behavior that followed norms to avoid being accused |
| John Peter Zenger | -NY journalist put on trial b/c he pointed out immoral actions of a governor -began the fight for free press -allowed colonies to speak out against motherland -thought that people should be able to freely speak their honest views against the government |
| Leisler's Rebellion | -an uprising in colonial NY -seized southern part of NY with the purpose of conveying the resentment that the colonists had for the policies of the English king James II |
| Bacon's Rebellion (1675-1677) | -Bacon resented Gov. Berkeley for signing a treaty with natives that prevented backcountry farmers from extending the settlement's border and fur trade further inland -contributed to struggle to define the native and white influence in VA -a reason why farmers began to use African slaves a larger majority of the labor force (white indentured servants would have to be released after a certain point in time -> landless class in colony) |
| New Lights vs. Old Lights | -Old lights: orthodox members of the clergy who believed that the new ways of revivals and emotional preaching were unnecessary -New lights: more modern-thinking members of the clergy who strongly believed in the Great Awakening (religious expression of emotion would be saved by God) |
| Robert Keayne | -prominent merchant in the 17th century from Windsor, UK -immigrated as Puritan to MA; worked as member of legislature and ran his trade business -preached his Puritan ideas to friends -built a fortune in business but found guilty of unfair business practices (over charging) -> marked the rise of capitalist ideals, challenged the religious ideals of the New England colonies |
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