The Skeletal System: The Framework (Chapter Summary)

Question	Answer
How are bones classified?	Classified by shape as either long, short, flat or irregular bones.
Periosteum	Connective tissue that covers the outside of the bone. Image: Periosteum Of Bone Definition Function 123243 (image/jpeg)
Long Bones	Long and skinny. They have widened ends called epiphyses and a long shaft called the diaphysis. Image: 250px Long Bones Anterior View With Legend (image/png)
Epiphyses	Very ends of a long bone. Widened. Image: Download (binary/octet-stream)
Diaphysis	Long shaft of a long bone. Or the central part of a long bone. Image: X2604 D 32 (image/png)
Articular Cartilage	Each epiphysis is covered by this, which protects the bone at the joint. Image: Knee Cart Surg Anatomy01 (image/jpeg)
Why is the bone surface not smooth?	It allows for muscle and ligament attachment and for joint surfaces. Image: Chopmark,White (image/jpeg)
What do long bones have inside?	Have a medullary (marrow) cavity and 2 different types of bones: spongy and compact. Image: Femur (image/jpeg)
Spongy Bone	Looks like a cleaning sponge, with holes in between strips of bone called trabeculae, which is covered by endosteum. Image: 6a013481070e9e970c01b7c7d8be9e970b 600wi (image/jpeg)
Trabeculae	Is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod that supports or anchors a framework of parts within a body or organ Image: Trabecular Pattern (image/jpeg)
Endosteum	Is a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones Image: 2742270 Orig (image/png)
Medullary Cavity	Is the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored; hence, the medullary cavity is also known as the marrow cavity. Image: 250px Structure Of A Long Bone (image/png)
Compact Bone Image: Compbo (image/jpeg)	looks solid but isn't. It is composed of many tree trunk-like structures called osteons. Image: Bone Structure620 (image/jpeg)
Osteons	Has a central canal for blood vessels and circular layers of bone surrounding the central canal. Image: Images?Q=Tbn:A Nd9 Gc R Ax R5 S9 Ax30n2cxr Icd Clg Zl K Ark Lx Ymas Ma Vl E8 L G Bn Lr5fog (image/jpeg)
Osteoprogenitor Cells	Makes bone stem cells. Involved in osteogenisis.
Osteoblasts	Makes bone. Involved in osteogenisis. Image: Osteoblast (image/jpeg)
Osteoclasts	Destroys bone. Involved in osteogenisis. Image: Osteoclast (image/jpeg)
Osteocytes	Maintains the matrix. Involved in osteogenisis. Image: Osteocyte (image/jpeg)
2 Types of Bone Development	Intramembranous Ossification and Endochondral Ossification.
Intramembranous Ossification	Connective tissue membrane turns into bone. The bones of your skull are formed this way.
Endochondral Ossification	Hyaline cartilage model of a bone turns into bone. The rest of the body's bones except for the skull is made this wat
What happens if breakdown is faster than buildup?	Osteoporosis.
How does a bone heal if it's fractured?	Via endochondral ossification.
Joints	Places where bones meet. Has 2 other skeletal tissues: Cartilage and Ligaments. May be classified by structure or function.
Cartilage	Is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body components. Image: Normal Knee Cartilage (image/png)
Ligaments	A short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint. Image: English Vocabulary Tendon Ligament (image/jpeg)
Synovial Joints	Most of the joints in your body. Has a large range of movement, and a fluid-filled cavity between the bones. Image: 1796 102 89 Synovial Joint (image/jpeg)
Some examples of joint disorders:	Arthritis, sprains, bursitis, and tendonitis.
Some examples of skeletal injuries:	Disk herniation, abnormal spinal curvatures, and bone fractures.
Flexion	The action of bending or the condition of being bent, especially the bending of a limb or joint. Image: Images?Q=Tbn:A Nd9 Gc Qf Vv Hy Cl7zv Rtdbj2 B Gkg0 Lk Pc5 Wi3v9 Auw Lm8 M3d R Xp Dhv6 (image/jpeg)
Extension	Is the opposite of flexion, describing a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts. Image: Flex Extend (image/png)
Rotation	The action of rotating around an axis or center. Image: Rotation1352400518378 (image/jpeg)
Abduction	The movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body, or from another part. Image: Diff Btwn (image/jpeg)
Adduction	Is the movement of a body part toward the body's midline. So, if a person has their arms straight out at the shoulders and brings them down to their sides, it is adduction. Image: Diff Btwn (image/jpeg)
Pronation	The forearm turns the hand so that the palm is downwards or backwards. Image: Pronation And Supination (image/jpeg)
Supination	The palm is forward or upwards. Image: Pronation And Supination (image/jpeg)

Next up

The Skeletal System: The Framework (Chapter Summary)

Description

Resource summary

Similar

	Created by Random Person almost 6 years ago