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| Question | Answer |
| gene | an inherited factor (region of DNA) that helps determine a characteristic |
| allele | one of two or more alternative forms of a gene |
| locus | specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele |
| genotype | set of alleles possessed by an individual organism |
| homozygous | a diploid organism with a genotype consisting of two identical alleles is ________ |
| heterozygous | one that has a genotype consisting of two different alleles is ________ for the locus |
| phenotype | the appearance or manifestation of a characteristic |
| dominant | the traits that appear unchanged in the F1 heterozygous offspring are ________ |
| recessive | the traits that disappear in the F1 heterozygous offspring are ________ |
| 3. How does the process of meiosis explain the equal segregation of alleles into gametes? [esp relevant for heterozygotes] | Each homologous pair of chromosomes consists of one maternal chromosome and one paternal chromosome, concluding that this process is the biological basis for Mendel's principles of heredity. |
| backcross | a cross between an F1 genotype and either of the parental genotypes |
| testcross | one individual of unknown genotype is crossed with another individual with a homozygous recessive genotype for the trait in question |
| 11. How does the process of meiosis explain independent assortment of alleles of different genes? | Each pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of all other parts in anaphase I of meisos, so genes located on different pairs of homologs will assort independently. However, genes located on the same chromosome do not assort independently. |
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