100168
| Question | Answer |
| Characteristics a grower looks for in selecting wheat varieties | Yield, Disease Characteristics, Straw Strength (Lodging), Ripening Date, Grain Quality |
| What is the average wheat yield in the UK? | Average in UK is 7.5 - 8 t/ha Can reach 10 t/ha |
| What are the benefits of leguminous crops in arable rotations? | Fixes nitrogen levels in soil |
| Why is agricultural soil increasingly acidic? | Use of ammonium nitrates fertilisers, acid rain, leaching, crop off take of calcium |
| How often should pH be tested? | Every four years |
| Which vegetative feature of the plant can be used to distinguish between wheat, oats and barley? | Auricles |
| Which plant has big auricles? | Barley |
| Which crop has no auricles? | Oats |
| Which crop has whiskery auricles? | Wheat |
| Under the NABIM Classification what are Group 4 Wheat varieties used for? | Feed wheat, can be soft or hard endosperm, no premium |
| Under the NABIM classification what are Group 3 wheat varieties used for? | Used for biscuits and cakes, small premiums may be available, soft endosperm. |
| Under the NABIM classification what are Group 2 wheat varieties used for? | Bread making potential, not suited for all types of bread therefore a lower premium is given. |
| Under the NABIM classification what are Group 1 wheat varieties used for? | Used for bread, full bread making potential therefore high premium. High protein |
| Benefits of crop rotation | Improved soil structure and fertility, prevent build up of pests/weeds/disease, prevent pest/weed/disease resistance building, improved yields, spreads workload, buffer income from seasonal influences, sustainability, increased nutrients from grass ley/legumes |
| Give an example of a typical four year arable rotation | Winter Wheat > Winter Wheat > Winter Barley > Oilseed Rape Winter Wheat > Winter Beans > Winter Wheat > Winter Barley > Oilseed Rape |
| Give an example of a mixed farming rotation | Winter Wheat > Winter Wheat > Winter Barley > Grass Ley 1/2/3 |
| Name four major plant nutrients | Nitrogen, Phosphate, Potash, Sulphur |
| Name three minor nutrients | Manganese, Iron, Boron, Copper, Zinc, Colbalt |
| Name a pest of the potato crop | Wireworms, Slugs, Aphids, Potato Cyst Nematode, Free Living Nematodes |
| Name a disease of the potato crop | Common scab, rust, blight |
| What is a grass field that is more than five years old called? | Permanent pasture |
| What is the term used to describe short term (under five years) grass fields? | Grass ley |
| How much of the chicken carcass is used in the UK? | 60-65% |
| What are the two main types of broiler chickens in the UK? | Ross and Cobb |
| How many kg of chicken does the average person in the UK eat each year? | 20 - 25kg |
| How many chickens are slaughtered in the UK each year? | 800 million |
| How many eggs does a chicken lay each year? | 290 - 300 eggs per year |
| What are male broiler chickens used for? | Portions as higher breast yield |
| What are female broiler chickens used for? | Whole bird/egg (not table egg) production |
| Name three components of controlling a broiler chicken's enviornment | Health, feed supply, lighting, nutrition, stocking density, ventilation, vaccination status, water supply, temperature, |
| How many laying hens are there in the UK? | 25,000,000 - 30,000,000 |
| What are the most common laying birds? | Medium brown hybrids |
| What should the temperature be for laying birds? | 23 degrees Celsius |
| How much light should a (non organic) bird get each day? | 15 hours |
| What does a broiler chicken weigh at slaughter? | 2.25 kg |
| What date were caged chicken colonies banned in the EU? | 1/1/12 |
| How many birds should there be per hectare in free range systems? | 2,500 per Ha |
| What three things must enriched cages contain? | Perches, nesting area, scratching area |
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