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Forage Exam 3

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Exam 3
marissaellenking
Quiz by marissaellenking, updated more than 1 year ago
marissaellenking
Created by marissaellenking about 9 years ago
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Question 1

Question
Which is more digestible?
Answer
  • Cool season grasses
  • Warm season grasses

Question 2

Question
Which is more digestible?
Answer
  • Cool season annual grasses
  • Cool season perennial grasses

Question 3

Question
Which is more digestible?
Answer
  • Tifton 85
  • Bermuda-grass

Question 4

Question
Which is more digestible?
Answer
  • Brown rib millet
  • Pearl millet

Question 5

Question
Which is more digestible?
Answer
  • Legumes
  • Grasses

Question 6

Question
Which is more digestible?
Answer
  • Leaves
  • Stems

Question 7

Question
Which is more digestible?
Answer
  • Stems in the upper canopy of the plant
  • Stems in the lower canopy of the plant

Question 8

Question
Which is more digestible?
Answer
  • Young green leaves
  • Dead leaves

Question 9

Question
Which is more digestible?
Answer
  • Warm and cool season perennial species in spring
  • Warm and cool season perennial species in mid-summer

Question 10

Question
Which is more digestible?
Answer
  • Warm and cool season perennial species in mid-summer
  • Warm and cool season perennial species in fall

Question 11

Question
Which is more digestible?
Answer
  • Alfalfa in cool weather
  • Alfalfa in summer weather

Question 12

Question
The [blank_start]hotter[blank_end] the temperature the [blank_start]faster[blank_end] the plant goes through [blank_start]lignification[blank_end].
Answer
  • hotter
  • faster
  • lignification

Question 13

Question
[blank_start]Sodseeding[blank_end] is the general term used to describe the practice of establishing forage crops into perennial, grass dominant, hay and/or pasture. Usually accomplished with a no-till grain drill or broadcasting seed.
Answer
  • Sodseeding

Question 14

Question
What are ways that sod-seeding is usually done?
Answer
  • No-till grain drill
  • Broadcasting seed
  • Tiller

Question 15

Question
The establishment of legumes such as clover or alfalfa into tall fescue is usually practiced where?
Answer
  • Upper south
  • Lower south

Question 16

Question
Cool season annual grasses (ryegrass, rye, oats, wheat) and/or leagues (clover) planted into dormant perennial warm season grass sods (bahiagrass, bermudagrass) if primarily done where?
Answer
  • Upper south
  • Lower south

Question 17

Question
What are some benefits of multiple species pastures/hayfields?
Answer
  • Higher forage yield per pasture/field
  • Improved forage quality
  • Nitrogen fiaxtion
  • Longer growing season in pasture/field
  • Lower forage yield per pasture/field
  • Average forage quality
  • Nitrogen leaching
  • Shorter growing season

Question 18

Question
[blank_start]Legumes[blank_end] typically have higher protein and are more digestible.
Answer
  • Legumes

Question 19

Question
What are the benefits to sod-seeding?
Answer
  • Soil conservation
  • Time
  • Fuel
  • Moisture

Question 20

Question
What are the sod-seeding principles?
Answer
  • Fertility
  • Reduce existing vegetation
  • Use high quality seed
  • Inoculate legumes with correct bacterial strain
  • Plant at correct time with correct seeding rate
  • Insure soil contact
  • Control competition from existing vegetation
  • Control pests

Question 21

Question
[blank_start]Grazing[blank_end] and [blank_start]mowing[blank_end] are ways to control competition from existing vegetation.
Answer
  • Grazing
  • mowing

Question 22

Question
[blank_start]Forage quality[blank_end] refers to the ability of a forage to support desired levels of animal performance.
Answer
  • Forage quality

Question 23

Question
Forage quality is a function of [blank_start]voluntary intake[blank_end] and [blank_start]nutritive value[blank_end].
Answer
  • voluntary intake
  • nutritive value

Question 24

Question
Palatability refers to the [blank_start]appeal[blank_end] and [blank_start]acceptability[blank_end] of feedstuffs to an animal.
Answer
  • appeal
  • acceptability

Question 25

Question
Crude protein represents the total [blank_start]nitrogen[blank_end] content in the diet ([blank_start]true protein[blank_end] as well as [blank_start]non-protein nitrogen[blank_end]).
Answer
  • nitrogen
  • true protein
  • non-protein nitrogen

Question 26

Question
[blank_start]N[blank_end] X 6.25 = CP
Answer
  • N

Question 27

Question
[blank_start]Digestible energy[blank_end] provides an indication of the total amount of energy from a feed that can be available fore use by the animal.
Answer
  • Digestible energy

Question 28

Question
Non starch carbohydrates are simple carbs such as [blank_start]starches[blank_end] and [blank_start]sugars[blank_end] that can be [blank_start]rapidly[blank_end] and [blank_start]easily[blank_end] digested by the animal.
Answer
  • starches
  • sugars
  • rapidly
  • easily

Question 29

Question
[blank_start]Cellulose[blank_end] are major structural carbs present in plant cell walls.
Answer
  • Cellulose

Question 30

Question
Cellulose is [blank_start]utilized[blank_end] by rumen microbes.
Answer
  • utilized

Question 31

Question
Hemi-cellulose is more digestible than [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end] but less [blank_start]digestible[blank_end] than starches and sugars.
Answer
  • cellulose
  • digestible

Question 32

Question
[blank_start]Lignin[blank_end] is a major structural component found in plant cell walls and is [blank_start]undigestible[blank_end].
Answer
  • Lignin
  • undigestible

Question 33

Question
As [blank_start]lignin[blank_end] in the plant increases, [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end] digestion decreases.
Answer
  • lignin
  • cellulose

Question 34

Question
Total digestible nutrients (TDN) is the measure of [blank_start]energy[blank_end] value in a feed.
Answer
  • energy

Question 35

Question
Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is a close estimate of the amount of total [blank_start]fiber[blank_end] in a feedstuff.
Answer
  • fiber

Question 36

Question
NDF is generally composed of [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end], [blank_start]hemicellulose[blank_end], and [blank_start]lignin[blank_end].
Answer
  • cellulose
  • hemicellulose
  • lignin

Question 37

Question
Acid detergent fiber (ADF) is the least [blank_start]digestible fiber[blank_end] portion of a forage.
Answer
  • digestible fiber

Question 38

Question
ADF includes [blank_start]lignin[blank_end] and [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end].
Answer
  • lignin
  • cellulose

Question 39

Question
TDN = [blank_start]total digestible nutrients[blank_end]
Answer
  • total digestible nutrients

Question 40

Question
NDF = [blank_start]neutral detergent fiber[blank_end]
Answer
  • neutral detergent fiber

Question 41

Question
ADF = [blank_start]acid detergent fiber[blank_end]
Answer
  • acid detergent fiber

Question 42

Question
[blank_start]Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy[blank_end] (NIRS) rapidly and reproductively measures the chemical composition of a feed sample.
Answer
  • Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Question 43

Question
[blank_start]NIRS[blank_end] is based on the fact that each of the major chemical components of a sample has a characteristic near infrared light absorption.
Answer
  • NIRS

Question 44

Question
[blank_start]NIRS[blank_end] = near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
Answer
  • NIRS

Question 45

Question
Relative feed value is used to compare the potential of two or more like forages on the basis of [blank_start]energy intake[blank_end].
Answer
  • energy intake

Question 46

Question
RFV = [blank_start]relative feed value[blank_end]
Answer
  • relative feed value

Question 47

Question
RFV of 100 is equivalent to...
Answer
  • Full bloom alfalfa
  • Half bloom alfalfa
  • Full bloom crimson clover
  • Full bloom white clover

Question 48

Question
What is RFV based on?
Answer
  • NDF
  • ADF
  • NIRS
  • TDN

Question 49

Question
What is NDF an indicator of?
Answer
  • Forage intake
  • Digestibility
  • Feed value

Question 50

Question
What is ADF an indicator of?
Answer
  • Forage intake
  • Digestibility
  • Feed value

Question 51

Question
RFQ of 100 is equal to?
Answer
  • Full bloom alfalfa
  • Full bloom white clover
  • Full bloom millet
  • Full bloom red clover

Question 52

Question
RFQ takes into account what?
Answer
  • DMI
  • TDN
  • RVF
  • ADF
  • NDF

Question 53

Question
DMI = [blank_start]dry matter intake[blank_end]
Answer
  • dry matter intake

Question 54

Question
RFQ = [blank_start]relative forage quality[blank_end]
Answer
  • relative forage quality

Question 55

Question
If the RFQ is higher it is also what?
Answer
  • More nutritious
  • More valuable
  • Less valuable
  • Less nutritious

Question 56

Question
What factors affect forage quality?
Answer
  • Plant species
  • Plant parts
  • Climate
  • Stage of maturity
  • Fertilization
  • Diurnal Fluctuations

Question 57

Question
Certain species of plants posses certain compounds that interfere with [blank_start]digestibility[blank_end].
Answer
  • digestibility

Question 58

Question
Drought stress may [blank_start]improve[blank_end] digestibility.
Answer
  • improve

Question 59

Question
Stage of maturity has greater effect on [blank_start]nutritive[blank_end] value than any other factor.
Answer
  • nutritive

Question 60

Question
[blank_start]Lignification[blank_end] of cell wall occurs with maturity. the more mature the more lignin if found in the cell wall.
Answer
  • Lignification

Question 61

Question
With maturity: [blank_start]yield[blank_end] increases but [blank_start]quality[blank_end] decreases
Answer
  • yield
  • quality

Question 62

Question
White clover is digestible for longer because of what?
Answer
  • Lack of true stems
  • Prominent true stems

Question 63

Question
Which is more digestible for longer?
Answer
  • Arrow-leaf clover
  • Crimson clover

Question 64

Question
Nitrogen generally has little effect on what?
Answer
  • Digestibility
  • Quality
  • RFV
  • ADF

Question 65

Question
[blank_start]Diurnal fluctuations[blank_end] is where soluble carbohydrates build up in the plant during [blank_start]daylight[blank_end]. Plants use those soluble carbohydrates over night.
Answer
  • Diurnal fluctuations
  • daylight

Question 66

Question
1/2 inch of rain decreases TDN by what?
Answer
  • 3.5%
  • 5.5%
  • 20.2%
  • 10.8%

Question 67

Question
1 inch of rain will decrease TDN by what?
Answer
  • 5%
  • 10%
  • 14%
  • 3.5%

Question 68

Question
If hay is left uncut each day after 4 weeks TDN will drop [blank_start]0.5%[blank_end] per day.
Answer
  • 0.5%

Question 69

Question
How should hay be orientated for all day sun exposure?
Answer
  • North to South
  • East to West

Question 70

Question
Soil compaction is a reduction in pore space therefore, it also...
Answer
  • Decreases soil volume
  • Decreases porosity
  • Increases bulk density
  • increases soil volume
  • Increases porosity
  • Decreases bulk density

Question 71

Question
[blank_start]Surface[blank_end] compaction = compaction that occurs in the surface "plow layer"
Answer
  • Surface

Question 72

Question
[blank_start]Subsurface[blank_end]/[blank_start]subsoil[blank_end] compaction = compaction that occurs below the plow layer
Answer
  • Subsurface
  • subsoil

Question 73

Question
What is the equation for bulk density?
Answer
  • Bulk density = Ms/Vt
  • Bulk density = Vt/Ms
  • Bulk density = Vv/Vt
  • Bulk density = Vt/Vv

Question 74

Question
What is the equation for porosity?
Answer
  • Porosity = Vv/Vt
  • Porosity = Vt/Vv
  • Porosity = Ms/Vt
  • Porosity = Vt/Ms

Question 75

Question
Reduction in pore space and reduction in yield are effects of [blank_start]compaction[blank_end].
Answer
  • compaction

Question 76

Question
Reduction in pore space is an effect of compaction. This effect can also result in water issues. Check all that apply to water issues.
Answer
  • Low infiltration
  • Poor drainage
  • Poor water holding capacity
  • Erosion
  • Runoff

Question 77

Question
Reduction in pore space is an effect of compaction. This effect can also result in plant development issues. Check all that apply to plant development issues.
Answer
  • Increased resistance to root penetration
  • Emergence issues
  • Reduction in nutiient uptake
  • Poor drainage
  • Runoff
  • Erosion

Question 78

Question
What are the 3 main causes of compaction?
Answer
  • Equipment traffic
  • Livestock traffic
  • Tillage operations
  • Human traffic
  • Naturally occurring compaction
  • Wind erosion

Question 79

Question
Total axle load, contact pressure between the tire and soil, and soil moisture affects what type of compaction?
Answer
  • Surface compaction
  • Subsoil compaction

Question 80

Question
Greater axle load and wet soil conditions [blank_start]increases[blank_end] depth of compaction
Answer
  • increases

Question 81

Question
Check all that apply to livestock traffic.
Answer
  • Repeated pressure in heavy traffic areas
  • Stocking rates
  • Rotation
  • Shallow compaction
  • Deep compaction

Question 82

Question
Continuous plowing or disking at the same depth causes [blank_start]hardpans[blank_end] just below the depth of tillage.
Answer
  • hardpans

Question 83

Question
To manage compaction with equipment traffic what should be done to decrease the depth of soil compaction?
Answer
  • Increase number of tires
  • Decrease number of tires

Question 84

Question
Proper rotation of livestock can prevent soil compaction as well as reduce [blank_start]erosion[blank_end] in high traffic areas.
Answer
  • erosion

Question 85

Question
[blank_start]Tillage[blank_end] depth should vary from year-to-year to reduce chances of hardpan development.
Answer
  • Tillage

Question 86

Question
What is used to measure soil compaction?
Answer
  • Pentrometer
  • Yard stick
  • Scale
  • Ruler

Question 87

Question
Penetrometers are supposed to mimic [blank_start]plant roots[blank_end].
Answer
  • plant roots

Question 88

Question
A dynamic penetrometer does what?
Answer
  • Moves
  • Stays stationary

Question 89

Question
A static penetrometer does what?
Answer
  • Stays stationary
  • Moves

Question 90

Question
What does a penetrometer use to measure soil compaction?
Answer
  • The resistance to root penetration
  • The depth you can physically go into the soil
  • The moisture content of the soil
  • The amount of sand, soil, or clay in the soil

Question 91

Question
The depth at which penetrations falls below [blank_start]300[blank_end] psi is recorded by the penetrometer.
Answer
  • 300

Question 92

Question
What is a "lot" of hay defined as?
Answer
  • A single cutting, a single field and variety, and generally less then 200 tons
  • A random pull from different fields less than 200 tons
  • A square bale of hay
  • A round bale of hay

Question 93

Question
How many cores should be pulled from each lot?
Answer
  • 20
  • 40
  • 10
  • 5

Question 94

Question
How much hay should be submitted for analysis?
Answer
  • 1/2 lb.
  • 1 lb.
  • 3 lbs.
  • 1.5 lbs.

Question 95

Question
What length of probe should be used to collect samples?
Answer
  • 12''- 24''
  • 24''- 36''
  • 10''- 20''
  • 25''- 48''

Question 96

Question
What diameter of probe should be used to collect the cores?
Answer
  • 3/8 - 3/4 "
  • 1/2 - 3''
  • 1/4 - 1''
  • 2 - 3''

Question 97

Question
What are the reasons for having forage sampled?
Answer
  • Determine forage quality
  • Identify imbalances, deficiencies, and toxicities in the forage
  • Tell the producer if their soil management technique is working
  • Establish forage value $$$

Question 98

Question
The most limiting factor in the forage is the amount of what that the animal consumes?
Answer
  • The amount of digestible energy
  • The amount of protein
  • The amount of minerals
  • The amount of vitamins
  • The amount of water

Question 99

Question
A high quality forage is one that contains large concentrations of what?
Answer
  • Digestible nutrients
  • Protein
  • Minerals
  • Vitamins

Question 100

Question
What is the southeastern categorization RFQ value for Choice hay?
Answer
  • 140-160 RFQ
  • 90-110 RFQ
  • 110-140 RFQ
  • 160-180 RFQ

Question 101

Question
What is the southeastern categorization RFQ for standard hay?
Answer
  • 90-110 RFQ
  • 140-160 RFQ
  • 120-140 RFQ
  • 70-90 RFQ

Question 102

Question
In the southeastern hay contest held annually in conjunction with the Sunbelt Ag Expo, samples can be thrown out due to too high levels of what two items?
Answer
  • Moisture and nitrate
  • Nitrate and potassium
  • Moisture and potassium
  • Potassium and phosphorus
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