Lecture 01 Introduction to nervous system

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534 Neuroanatomy (Flashcards) Flashcards on Lecture 01 Introduction to nervous system, created by Mia Li on 26/08/2017.
Mia Li
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Mia Li
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What are the six main functions of the nervous system? (think about PACLEM) Perception, arousal, cognition, life-sustaining, emotion, movement
Which subcategories does perception entail? somatosensory, visceral, and special senses
What are the 5 special senses? visual, audio, taste, vestibular, and smell
What does somatosensory perception entail? (2 PTs) Pain and temperature, proprioception and touch
What does visceral perception entail? (Hmmm... 3Ms) Modulates (BP, HR) Monitors Motivates
What does cognition include? (L&M) Learn and memory
What does movement functions include? (PIC) Plan Initiate Coordinate
What functions are under the life-sustaining category? (have to stay alive to say HI) Homeostasis Initiate
How to differentiate neurons in CNS and PNS CNS: only synapse with neurons PNS: interacts with body/environment
Four parts of the CNS Cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord
Two parts of the forebrain Cerebral hemispheres Diencephalon
3 parts of the brainstem Midbrain Pons Medulla
Key function of CNS? Analysis and Integration
Two main parts of the PNS? Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervouse system
Two parts of the somatic nervous system? 1. sensory nerves and ganglia 2. motor nerves
The autonomic nervous system is also called: Visceral nervous system
Two main division of the autonomic system? 1. sympathetic 2. parasympathetic
For horizontal planes, ________ is used when referring to the brain while _______ is used when referring to the spinal cord. Brain: horizontal plane Spinal cord: transverse plane
Name the 3 vesicles in the earlier stage of neural development 1. Prosencephalon 2. Mesencephalon 3. Rhombencephalon
The Prosencephalon becomes _________ and ___________. Which in turn develops into ____________ and __________. Telencephalon and diencephalon. Telencephalon develops into cerebral hemispheres. Diencephalon develops into thalamus and hypothalamus.
The two flexures in the 3 vesicle stage are ___________ (between _______ and _________) and ____________ (between ________ and _______ Cephalic flexure (between mesencephalon and diencephalon) Cervical flexure (between rhombencephalon and SC)
T/F: the mesencephalon is the only vesicle that does not divide. T.
The mesencephalon develops into _________. The midbrain
The rhombencephalon develops into ________ (which becomes _______) and _________ (which becomes __________). Metencenphalon (becomes pons) Mylencephalon (becomes medulla)
_______ flexure resolves as the embryo enters the 5 vesicle stage. Cervical
The cephalic flexure migrates to between _________ and _________. Between diencephalon and mesencephalon.
List the morphological classification of the neurons. 1. Unipolar 2. Pseudo-unipolar 3. Bipolar 4. Multipolar
Where is the input zone of the neuron? Dendrites
Where is the integrative zone of the neuron? Axon hillock
Where is the conducting zone of a neuron? Axon
What is the transmitting zone of the neuron? Axon terminal
Where is the location of action potential regeneration on a neuron? Nodes of Ranvier
Where are NTs released and taken up? Release: pre-synaptic membrane Uptake: post-synaptic membrane
Types of synapse based on membrane axodendritic axosomatic axoaxonic somosomatic dendrodendritic
Synaptic classification based on ways of transmission Chemical synapse Electrical synapse
Synapse classification based on NTs glutamatergic GABAergic cholinergic dopaminergic glycinergic serotonergic noradrenergic histaminergic
What are the qualifications for a chemical to be a neurotransmitter? 1. made by presynaptic neuron 2. Ca2+ is required for release of NT 3. Post synaptic membrane has the receptor to bind with the NT
________ makes the myelin sheath in CNS while _______ makes the myelin sheath in PNS. CNS: oligodendrocytes PNS: Schwann cells
_________ maintains the BBB in CNS while ______ acts as the barrier between compartments. Astrocyte: BBB Ependymal cells: barriers between compartments
_________ cells are modified immune cells in the CNS Microglial cells
__________ cells are the supporting cells in PNS. Satellite cells
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