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| Question | Answer |
| What is LANGUAGE TRANSFER | When L1 and L2 are similar, the L1 would actively aid the L2 learning (language transfer) |
| CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS | Focuses on the differences between L1 and L2 to predict the learner "problem areas" while acquiring L2 |
| What is the "L2 = L1"-hypothesis? | Learner follow the same processes of SLA and L1 acquisition as a result of the strategies learners employ |
| What are CONTEXTUAL VARIATIONS | Learners make (sometimes) errors in using L2. Their are two types of CONTEXTUAL VARIATIONS |
| Contextual Variation 1: SITUATIONAL CONTEXT | Learners user their knowledge of the L2 differently in different situations. More/Different errors when using L2 instantly, than when thinking about the situation in advance |
| Contexttual variation 2: LINGUISTIC CONTEXT | Learners produce errors in one type of sentence but not in another. 3rd person singular Present Simple Tense: "He BUYS her a bunch of flowers" vs. "He visits her every day and BUY her a bunch of flowers." |
| Second Language Acquisition in general? | SLA is learning of a nonnative language. May or may not take place in a classroom context. |
| Name the five primary linguistic elements. | PHONOLOGY: sounds of a language SYNTAX: grammar and rules of a language MORPHOLOGY: study of word formation SEMANTICS: study of meaning PRAGMATICS: refers to the way language is used in context |
| Most common models for Second Language Acquisition | 1. Universal Grammar Model 2. Competition Model 3. Monitor Model |
| Explain UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR MODEL. | The UGM refers to the system of principles, rules and conditions that are properties of all human languages. Second language learners base their SLA on universal principles common to all languages, and on the constraints of the particular rules of each language. |
| Explain COMPETITION MODEL | The CM is based in the assumption that forms of natural language are created to communicate. The second language learners are faced with a conflict between native language and target language cues and cue strength. |
| Explain (Krashen's) MONITOR MODEL | Based on five hypotheses: 1. Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis 2. Natural Order Hypothesis 3. Monitor Hypothesis 4. Input Hypothesis 5. Affective Filter Hypothesis |
| Krashen's Monitor Model: explain the ACQUISITION-LEARNING HYPOTHESIS | ACQUISITION occurs unconsciously and LEARNING is conscious knowledge of the second language |
| Krashen's Monitor Model: explain the NATURAL ORDER HYPOTHESIS | language rules are acquired in a predictable order |
| Krashen's Monitor Model: explain the MONITOR HYPOTHESIS | the learned system acts as a monitor of the acquired system |
| Krashen's Monitor Model: explain the AFFECTIVE FILTER HYPOTHESIS | motivation, attitude, self-confidence, and anxiety affect second language acquisition |
| Krashen's Monitor Model: explain the INPUT HYPOTHESIS | suggests that language instruction just slightly above the student's current level of language proficiency (i.e., comprehensible input) is useful for second language acquisition |
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