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L34 The pituitary gland and the hypothalamus

Description

• Draw a diagram to illustrate the structure, location and connections of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. • State the major effects of the anterior and posterior pituitary hormones. • Explain how the hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the posterior and anterior pituitary glands.
Mer Scott
Quiz by Mer Scott, updated more than 1 year ago
Mer Scott
Created by Mer Scott about 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Choose the correct statements about the pituitary gland.
Answer
  • The secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland is controlled by the hypothalamus.
  • Each part (anterior/posterior) has a distinctive mechanism for hormone secretion.
  • Pituitary hormones always stimulate the secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands.
  • The anterior pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus via neurons.

Question 2

Question
Choose the correct label.
Image:
Screen Shot 2017 05 16 At 10.00.34 Am (image/png)
Answer
  • stored hormone
  • synapse to adrenohypophysis
  • hormone target site

Question 3

Question
Where are the posterior pituitary hormones made?
Answer
  • The cell body of the neuron in the hypothalamus.
  • The axon endings in the posterior pituitary.
  • The cells of the adrenohypophysis.

Question 4

Question
Choose the incorrect statement about the mechanism of hormone release from the posterior pituitary hormone.
Answer
  • The stimulus for release is a neural stimulation from the hypothalamus.
  • Neural stimulation causes ADH (antidiuretic hormone) or oxytocin to be released into the anterior pituitary gland.
  • Neural stimulation causes ADH (antidiuretic hormone) or oxytocin to be released into the blood stream.
  • An increase in action potential firing frequency causes neural stimulation.

Question 5

Question
Choose the correct statements about antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin.
Answer
  • They are released from the anterior pituitary gland.
  • They are peptide hormones.
  • They travel in the blood bound to a carrier.
  • They attach to membrane receptors and cause a secondary messenger to be produced.

Question 6

Question
[blank_start]Antidiuretic hormon[blank_end] stimulates the [blank_start]kidney[blank_end] to reabsorb water when the body dehydrates. Oxytocin stimulates contraction of [blank_start]uterine[blank_end] muscles during [blank_start]childbirth[blank_end], and stimulates [blank_start]milk[blank_end] release in [blank_start]breastfeeding[blank_end]. These are both made in the [blank_start]hypothalamus[blank_end] and stored in the [blank_start]posterior pituitary gland[blank_end] until needed.
Answer
  • Antidiuretic hormone
  • kidney
  • bladder
  • uterine
  • pelvic
  • childbirth
  • milk
  • breastfeeding
  • hypothalamus
  • posterior pituitary gland
  • anterior pituitary gland

Question 7

Question
Oxytocin release during childbirth is a positive feedback loop.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
Choose the incorrect statements about ADH.
Answer
  • The stimulus for ADH release is a decrease in ECF concentration.
  • The sensors for changes in ECF concentration are the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
  • The hypothalamus serves as both the integrator and sensor for the ADH negative feedback system.
  • The target cells for ADH are specific kidney and specific liver cells.
  • ADH regulates concentration of body fluids by controlling water excretion.

Question 9

Question
Someone with ADH in their bloodstream will produce clear, dilute urine in excess.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
When ADH is present, water channels open in the tubular cells of the kidney so that water molecules can move down their osmotic gradient to a region of high solute(urea) in the ECF.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
The posterior lobe of the hypothalamus is also known as the [blank_start]neurohypophysis[blank_end], as it formed from [blank_start]neural tissue[blank_end] and linked to the hypothalamus [blank_start]neurally[blank_end]. The anterior lobe of the hypothalamus is also known as the [blank_start]adrenohypophysis[blank_end], as it is formed from [blank_start]a different tissue with hormonal intent[blank_end] and is linked to the hypothalamus [blank_start]via the bloodstream[blank_end].
Answer
  • neurohypophysis
  • neural tissue
  • neurally
  • adrenohypophysis
  • a different tissue with hormonal intent
  • via the bloodstream

Question 12

Question
The neuron that extends toward the anterior pituitary gland from the hypothalamus is shorter than the neuron that extends toward the posterior pituitary gland.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 13

Question
Choose the correct labels for the anterior pituitary gland.
Image:
Tumblr Oq0mx8 Ri Yu1umf7r9o1 500 (image/png)
Answer
  • neuron
  • hormone
  • capillaries
  • nerves

Question 14

Question
Choose the incorrect statement about the anterior pituitary gland
Answer
  • It communicates with the hypothalamus via hormones in the bloodstream.
  • The hypothalamus can inhibit the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland.
  • The hypothalamus can stimulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland.
  • The hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland are made in the hypothalamus.

Question 15

Question
The method of neural input that initiates an action potential from the hypothalamus to the anterior and posterior pituitary glands is the same.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
Hormones released by the hypothalamus travel to the [blank_start]anterior[blank_end] pituitary gland via [blank_start]capillaries[blank_end] where they bind to a specific [blank_start]receptor[blank_end] on a specific cell and effect release of [blank_start]prolactin or growth hormone[blank_end].
Answer
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • capillaries
  • neurons
  • receptor
  • active site
  • prolactin or growth hormone
  • oxytocin or antidiuretic hormone

Question 17

Question
Hormones released from the hypothalamus can only be inhibitory.
Answer
  • True
  • False
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