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Foundations Midterm/Final

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Quiz on Foundations Midterm/Final, created by Erin Knapp on 15/03/2023.
Erin Knapp
Quiz by Erin Knapp, updated more than 1 year ago
Erin Knapp
Created by Erin Knapp over 1 year ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
The nuclear force which holds electrons in “orbit” around an atom is called:
Answer
  • gravity
  • charge
  • valence force
  • binding energy

Question 2

Question
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration The curve shifts:
Answer
  • right
  • left
  • remains the same

Question 3

Question
Scatter radiation is mostly a result of the Photoelectric interaction.
Answer
  • true
  • false

Question 4

Question
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration The discrete (characteristic) curve shifts:
Answer
  • right
  • left
  • remains the same

Question 5

Question
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number The amplitude (height) of the emission spectrum curve would:
Answer
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain the same

Question 6

Question
The Compton interaction is mainly responsible for radiographer dose.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 7

Question
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp The amplitude (height) of the emission spectrum curve would:
Answer
  • decrease
  • increase
  • remain the same

Question 8

Question
As the atomic number of an element increases, the energy required to remove an inner shell electron _____________________.
Answer
  • increases
  • decreases
  • is unchanged

Question 9

Question
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Answer

Question 10

Question
The end product(s) of the photoelectric effect is/are:
Answer
  • one ejected electron and an orbital vacancy
  • one ejected electron only
  • one scattered photon, one ejected electron, and an orbital vacancy
  • one scattered photon only
  • one orbital vacancy only

Question 11

Question
If an incident photon has an energy of 90 keV and undergoes a Compton interaction giving 20 keV to the ejected electron which had a binding energy of 2 keV, determine the energy of the scattered photon. the energy is [blank_start]68[blank_end] keV
Answer
  • 68

Question 12

Question
Which of the following is NOT an interaction between x-ray photons and matter?
Answer
  • compton interaction
  • photoelectric interaction
  • brems interaction
  • coherent interaction

Question 13

Question
The greatest amount of scatter is produced from the _____________________ interaction.
Answer
  • coherent
  • compton
  • characteristic
  • brems

Question 14

Question
Electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 15

Question
A high energy x-ray photon has a long wavelength.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
An 80-kV photon undergoes a coherent scattering interaction with an orbital electron having a binding energy of 8 kV. What is the energy of the resulting scattered photon?
Answer
  • 88 kV
  • 8 kV
  • 72 kV
  • 80 kV

Question 17

Question
Filtration is the process of eliminating undesirable ____ by the insertion of absorbing materials into the primary beam.
Answer
  • low energy x-ray photons
  • high energy incident electrons
  • high energy x-ray photons
  • low energy incident electrons

Question 18

Question
label the parts of the x-ray beam spectrum graph
Image:
Picture2 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • characteristic interactions
  • kilovoltage peak
  • average breams kV
  • brems interactions

Question 19

Question
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number The curve shifts:
Answer
  • left
  • right
  • remains the same

Question 20

Question
If the number of protons within an atom’s nucleus is changed, which of the following must absolutely change:
Answer
  • number of electrons
  • element's name
  • electrical charge
  • number of neutrons

Question 21

Question
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp The curve shifts:
Answer
  • left
  • right
  • remain the same

Question 22

Question
Characteristic radiation forms a discrete emission spectrum.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
The partial absorption of the x-ray beam as it passes through the body is best referred as:
Answer
  • absorption
  • brems
  • heterogeneity
  • attenuation

Question 24

Question
this interaction is a ____________ interaction
Image:
Picture1 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • compton

Question 25

Question
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Answer

Question 26

Question
A low energy brems x-ray results when the incident electron is strongly influenced by the nucleus.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number The discrete (characteristic) curve shifts:
Answer
  • left
  • right
  • remains the same

Question 28

Question
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration. Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Answer

Question 29

Question
If an incident x-ray photon ejects a k-shell electron with a binding energy of 37 keV, and the initial energy of the photon was 40 keV, the ejected electron leaves the atom with _____ keV of kinetic energy.
Answer
  • 3
  • 40
  • 37
  • 17

Question 30

Question
A photon of x-ray has an electrically positive charge.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 31

Question
Attenuation causes a gradual decrease in the number of primary x-rays that exit the patient.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 32

Question
Brems is produced by:
Answer
  • slowing down of an electron by the nucleus
  • ionization from ejection of outer shell electron
  • excitation and restabilization of an outer shell electron
  • creation of a photoelectron

Question 33

Question
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp The discrete (characteristic) curve shifts:
Answer
  • left
  • right
  • remain the same

Question 34

Question
In the diagnostic range, the majority of primary x-rays produced are:
Answer
  • brems
  • compton
  • photoelectric
  • characteristic

Question 35

Question
Radiation that turns 180 degrees in direction after interacting with matter is called:
Answer
  • coherent
  • backscatter
  • brems
  • characteristic

Question 36

Question
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration The amplitude (height) of the emission spectrum curve would:
Answer
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain the same

Question 37

Question
If a projectile electron is traveling at 70 keV and is deviated by the nucleus with a resulting electron energy of 10 keV, determine the energy of emitted radiation = [blank_start]60[blank_end] keV This is an example of what type of radiation? [blank_start]brems[blank_end] interaction
Answer
  • 60
  • brems

Question 38

Question
We used an original mAs of 32 and kVp of 80, list two separate techniques (one kVp & mAs then another kVp & mAs) we could use to double our exposure. (0.5 pt for each) 15% rule: [blank_start]92[blank_end] kVp @ [blank_start]32[blank_end] mAs Doubling mAs: [blank_start]64[blank_end] mAs @ [blank_start]80[blank_end] kVp
Answer
  • 92
  • 32
  • 64
  • 80

Question 39

Question
label the x-ray tube
Image:
Picture3 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • stator
  • rotor
  • glass envelope
  • filament
  • focusing cup
  • target
  • window
  • disk

Question 40

Question
Distortion can be a misrepresentation of
Answer
  • shape only
  • size only
  • detail
  • shape and size

Question 41

Question
Calculate the magnification factor when the SID is 40 in. and the OID is 5 in. round to 2 decimal places [blank_start]1.14[blank_end]x
Answer
  • 1.14

Question 42

Question
The difference between two adjacent shades of gray is:
Answer
  • distortion
  • subject contrast
  • spatial resolution
  • quantum mottle

Question 43

Question
Spatial resolution is improved when:
Answer
  • SID decreases
  • OID decreases
  • SOD decreases
  • OID increases

Question 44

Question
Foreshortening is present if:
Answer
  • The image of the object is shorter than the object
  • The image of the object is larger than the object
  • the tube and IR are in alignment
  • IR exposure is excessive

Question 45

Question
If 80 kVp, 400 mA, and 0.025 sec. produce a satisfactory radiograph, what mAs was used? [blank_start]10[blank_end] mAs
Answer
  • 10

Question 46

Question
The [blank_start]___[blank_end] the SID, the [blank_start]___[blank_end] the magnification.
Answer
  • lesser
  • greater
  • n/a
  • smaller
  • bigger
  • n/a

Question 47

Question
change from 20 mAs to 40 mAs Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Answer

Question 48

Question
As tube angle increases, shape distortion will _________________.
Answer
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Question 49

Question
What can negatively impact spatial resolution?
Answer
  • patient motion
  • small focal spot
  • minimal OID
  • small detectors

Question 50

Question
change from 3 mm Al filtration to 5 mm Al filtration Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Answer

Question 51

Question
Factors affecting spatial resolution include:
Answer
  • focal spot size
  • contrast scale
  • kVp
  • mAs

Question 52

Question
A good method for controlling motion when the patient is unable to cooperate is to:
Answer
  • decrease kVp
  • increase focal spot size
  • maintaining mAs and decreasing exposure time
  • maintaining mAs and decreasing mA

Question 53

Question
The effect of mAs upon IR exposure is:
Answer
  • directly proportional
  • inversely proportional
  • dependent on kVp

Question 54

Question
If a radiograph using 40 mAs (400 mA at 0.10 sec.) produced a radiograph with satisfactory exposure, what new time should be used if mA is changed to 200? [blank_start]0.2[blank_end] sec
Answer
  • 0.2

Question 55

Question
Poor spatial resolution is caused by an unacceptable amount of
Answer
  • umbra
  • penumbra
  • IR Exposure
  • contrast

Question 56

Question
the unsharpness in an image is affected by all of the following except:
Answer
  • focal spot size
  • mAs
  • SOD
  • OID

Question 57

Question
If a projected image measures 3 in. and the magnification factor is 1.1, what is the size of the actual object? (you must label your answer with abbreviation) [blank_start]2.7 in[blank_end]
Answer
  • 2.7 in

Question 58

Question
The principal controlling technical factor of remnant beam contrast is
Answer
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • focal spot size
  • anode angle

Question 59

Question
As kVp increases, remnant beam contrast scale will _________________.
Answer
  • lengthen
  • shorten
  • remain unchanged

Question 60

Question
An increase in x-ray beam filtration
Answer
  • increases magnification
  • increases the average photon energy of the beam
  • decreases patient tissue density
  • increases the quantity of photons in the beam

Question 61

Question
A radiograph with few shades of gray exhibits
Answer
  • high contrast
  • medium contrast
  • low contrast

Question 62

Question
Calculate the magnification factor when the SID is 40 in. and the SOD is 25 in. [blank_start]1.6[blank_end]x
Answer
  • 1.6

Question 63

Question
As kVp decreases, spatial resolution will _________________.
Answer
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Question 64

Question
As filtration increases, IR exposure will _________________.
Answer
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Question 65

Question
If the following three exposures were obtained on the same patient (with no computer processing and/or on film) and everything is unchanged except for mAs, in which image would you expect mAs to have been the largest?
Image:
Exam2+Image1 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • A
  • B
  • C

Question 66

Question
The principal controlling factor of radiographic image receptor exposure is:
Answer
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • focal spot size
  • tube angulation

Question 67

Question
With an SID of 40 inches, and an OID of 10 inches, what is the factor of magnification?
Answer
  • 3x
  • 4x
  • 1.33x
  • 0.25x

Question 68

Question
If 70 kVp, 100 mA, and 0.25 sec. produce a satisfactory radiograph, what mAs was used? [blank_start]25[blank_end] mAs
Answer
  • 25

Question 69

Question
If 10 mAs at 120 kVp is used for a radiograph and the remnant beam's scale of contrast is too long, determine the new technique to be used obtaining the same IR exposure. new kVp: [blank_start]102[blank_end] new mAs: [blank_start]20[blank_end]
Answer
  • 102
  • 20

Question 70

Question
Electronic "snow" on a display monitor or TV monitor image is a form of:
Answer
  • noise
  • scatter
  • distortion
  • IR exposure

Question 71

Question
As mAs increases, remnant beam contrast scale will _________________.
Answer
  • lengthen
  • shorten
  • remain unchanged

Question 72

Question
A change in kVp, as an exposure factor, affects
Answer
  • average beam energy
  • beam intensity/quantity
  • the relative amount of scatter received on the IR
  • all of the above

Question 73

Question
As kVp increases, the percentage of Compton interactions (relative to the total number of interactions) [blank_start]____[blank_end] and remnant beam contrast scale [blank_start]____[blank_end].
Answer
  • increase
  • decrease
  • N/A
  • lengthen
  • shorten
  • N/A

Question 74

Question
Size distortion is controlled by:
Answer
  • SID
  • OID
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • patient motion

Question 75

Question
Calculate the magnification factor when the SID is 72 in. and the SOD is 25 in. round to 2 places. [blank_start]2.88[blank_end] x
Answer
  • 2.88

Question 76

Question
As mAs increases, IR exposure will _________________.
Answer
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Question 77

Question
As mAs increases, shape distortion will _________________.
Answer
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Question 78

Question
As SID increases, spatial resolution will _________________.
Answer
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Question 79

Question
As focal spot size increases, spatial resolution will _______________.
Answer
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Question 80

Question
The brightness of the image on a viewing monitor is the result of
Answer
  • tissue thickness
  • IR exposure only
  • monitor's brightness settings
  • tissue density

Question 81

Question
What should you expect to occur with a decrease in kVp?
Answer
  • lower contrast
  • longer scale of contrast
  • more fog/scatter seen on IR
  • more photoelectric interactions

Question 82

Question
Insufficient mAs is likely to contribute to ___ in the image.
Answer
  • quantum mottle
  • motion
  • high spatial resolution
  • excessive OID

Question 83

Question
Using the 15% rule changes
Answer
  • distortion
  • IR exposure
  • remnant beam contrast

Question 84

Question
A radiograph of the forearm is produced using 4 mAs at 65 kVp. What kVp would be required to double the exposure? round up to whole number [blank_start]75[blank_end] kVp
Answer
  • 75

Question 85

Question
As OID increases, size distortion will _________________.
Answer
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Question 86

Question
If the signal is 16 and the noise is 4 on a hypothetical radiographic image, what is the Signal to Noise ratio?
Answer
  • 8
  • 12
  • 4
  • 0.24

Question 87

Question
Which of the following is equivalent to low penumbra?
Answer
  • high sharpness/spatial resolution
  • low sharpness/spatial resolution
  • low distortion
  • high magnification

Question 88

Question
Penumbra decreases as
Answer
  • SID increases
  • OID decreases
  • focal spot decreases
  • all of the above

Question 89

Question
If the mA is set at 300 and the total mAs produced is 15 mAs, the exposure time must be:
Answer
  • 0.5 sec
  • 0.05 sec
  • 0.2 sec
  • 2 sec

Question 90

Question
Size distortion in radiography can be ___ only.
Answer
  • magnification
  • foreshortening
  • elongation
  • minimization

Question 91

Question
What factor influences the average energy of photons reaching the IR?
Answer
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • mA
  • focal spot size

Question 92

Question
If 20 mAs at 100 kVp is used and the IR exposure needs to be doubled without altering the remnant beam contrast scale, determine the new technique that should be used. new kVp: [blank_start]100[blank_end] new mAs: [blank_start]40[blank_end]
Answer
  • 100
  • 40

Question 93

Question
which of the following are causes of scatter radiation
Answer
  • high kVp
  • low kVp
  • large part thickness
  • part density
  • large field sizes
  • small field sizes
  • large mAs
  • small mAs

Question 94

Question
what is the purpose of a grid
Answer
  • to absorb low energy photons before they reach the IR
  • to absorb scatter before it reaches IR
  • to reflect scatter away from IR
  • to absorb primary radiation before it reaches IR

Question 95

Question
match the type of grid with its definition [blank_start]Stationary[blank_end] grid: attaches to cassette [blank_start]Reciprocating[blank_end] grid: moves grid back and forth [blank_start]Oscillating[blank_end] grid: move grid plate in circular motion The [blank_start]reciprocating[blank_end] and [blank_start]oscillating[blank_end] grids make up the Potter-Bucky Diaphragm aka the [blank_start]bucky[blank_end]
Answer
  • Stationary
  • Reciprocating
  • Oscillating
  • reciprocating
  • oscillating
  • bucky

Question 96

Question
the [blank_start]higher[blank_end] the grid ratio, the more effective the grid is at removing scatter
Answer
  • higher

Question 97

Question
We used 10 mAs at 78 kV on a KUB. Convert this non-grid technique to a 10:1 grid [blank_start]50[blank_end] mAs @ [blank_start]78[blank_end] kV
Answer
  • 50
  • 78

Question 98

Question
Convert 60 mAs at 92 kV using a 8:1 grid to an 5:1 grid. [blank_start]30[blank_end] mAs @ [blank_start]92[blank_end] kV
Answer
  • 30
  • 92

Question 99

Question
increased lead content = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] scatter = contrast scale [blank_start]shortens[blank_end] = image contrast [blank_start]increases[blank_end]
Answer
  • decreased
  • increased
  • same
  • shortens
  • lengthens
  • remains the same
  • increases
  • decreases
  • remains the same

Question 100

Question
grid cut off is due to the absorption of
Answer
  • scatter radiation
  • remnant radiation
  • primary radiation
  • secondary radiation

Question 101

Question
label the type of grid
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(3) (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • short axis
  • linear
  • cross-hatch

Question 102

Question
label the type of grid
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(4) (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • parallel
  • focused

Question 103

Question
What is the grid radius based on?
Answer
  • SID
  • OID
  • Tube angle
  • Object thickness

Question 104

Question
fill out the table and GCF equation, include x in multiplier.
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(5) (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • No grid
  • x1
  • 5:1
  • x2
  • 6:1
  • x3
  • 8:1
  • x4
  • 10:1 or 12:1
  • x5
  • 16:1
  • x6
  • mAs2
  • mAs1
  • GCF2
  • GCF1

Question 105

Question
What causes the moire effect?
Answer
  • the grid lines are parallel to scan lines of processor
  • the grid lines are perp to scan lines of processor
  • misalignment of the grid and beam
  • incorrect SID used

Question 106

Question
This image is an example of
Image:
Screenshot+2023 03 15+203711 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Moire effect
  • quantum mottle
  • misalignment of x-ray beam
  • grid inversion

Question 107

Question
Match the image with its grid error
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(6) (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Grid Radius
  • misalignment/angling of the x-ray beam
  • Inversion of focused grid

Question 108

Question
The air gap technique is when OID is [blank_start]increases[blank_end], so scatter on the IR [blank_start]decreases[blank_end]
Answer
  • increased
  • decreased
  • remains the same
  • increases
  • decreases
  • remains the same

Question 109

Question
When generator power and rectification increase
Answer
  • quantity of current increases
  • quantity of current decreases
  • quality of current increases
  • quality of current decreases
  • current is not affected

Question 110

Question
high frequency generators [blank_start]reduce[blank_end] the ripple of the wave form with each increase in generator power, the exposure rate of the x-ray beam [blank_start]increases[blank_end] These changes [blank_start]increase[blank_end] the effective mA, which allows for a [blank_start]reduction[blank_end] in technique High power generators also [blank_start]increase[blank_end] the average kV Generally, the set mAs could be [blank_start]cut in half[blank_end] when changing from a single phase to a 3 phase/HF
Answer
  • reduce
  • increase
  • don't change
  • increases
  • decreases
  • remains the same
  • increase
  • decrease
  • do not change
  • decrease
  • increase
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • do not change
  • cut in half
  • doubled
  • unchanged

Question 111

Question
generator power [blank_start]lengthens[blank_end] remnant contrast scale generator power [blank_start]does not affect[blank_end] spatial resolution generator power [blank_start]does not affect[blank_end] size distortion generator power [blank_start]does not affect[blank_end] shape distortion
Answer
  • does not affect
  • shortens
  • lengthens
  • does not affect
  • increases
  • decreases
  • does not affect
  • increases
  • decreases
  • does not affect
  • increases
  • decreases

Question 112

Question
which of the following are considered inherent filtration
Answer
  • glass envelope
  • aluminum slabs within the collimator
  • oil in tube housing
  • the tube window
  • the mirror and plastic windows of the collimator
  • the anode
  • wedge filters

Question 113

Question
which of the following are considered added filtration
Answer
  • glass envelope
  • aluminum slabs within the collimator
  • oil in tube housing
  • the tube window
  • the mirror and plastic windows of the collimator
  • the anode
  • wedge filters

Question 114

Question
The minimum total filtration equivalent is [blank_start]2.5[blank_end] mm Al - [blank_start]1.5[blank_end] mm of inherent filtration - [blank_start]1[blank_end] mm added filtration
Answer
  • 2.5
  • 1.5
  • 1

Question 115

Question
What is the unit for directly measuring x-ray beam penetration
Answer
  • Half-Value Layer
  • Half-Vacancy Layer
  • mm Al
  • mm Hg
  • mm Pb

Question 116

Question
A Potter-Bucky diaphragm does not move
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 117

Question
Higher frequency grids have [blank_start]thinner[blank_end] lead strips
Answer
  • thinner
  • thicker
  • no difference in

Question 118

Question
What is the most critical factor in a grid's efficiency?
Answer
  • grid frequency
  • grid ratio
  • lead content of grids
  • grid dimension

Question 119

Question
Grid radius is the distance between the grid and the [blank_start]convergence line[blank_end].
Answer
  • convergence line

Question 120

Question
Match the term with its definition [blank_start]Grid ratio[blank_end] : the proportion of the height to the width of the interspaced between the lead strips [blank_start]Lead Content of Grid[blank_end] : mass per unit area, as this increases so does the removal of scatter [blank_start]Grid Radius[blank_end]: the distance between the grid and the convergent line or point aka the correct SID [blank_start]Grid Frequency[blank_end]: the number of lead strips counted per inch/cm
Answer
  • Grid ratio
  • Lead Content of Grid
  • Grid Radius
  • Grid Frequency

Question 121

Question
What is the purpose of a compensating filter?
Answer
  • balance the exposure
  • dramatically change the contrast scale
  • reduce the remnant beam
  • protect tech from scatter radiation

Question 122

Question
Which of the follower are the purposes for field size limitation
Answer
  • minimize radiation exposure to the tech
  • minimize radiation exposure to the patient
  • change subject contrast in the remnant beam
  • preserve subject contrast in the remnant beam
  • preserve image sharpness

Question 123

Question
increased collimation (smaller size) = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] scatter = [blank_start]shortened[blank_end] contrast scale increased collimation = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] IR exposure
Answer
  • increased
  • decreased
  • same amount of
  • lengthened
  • shortened
  • same
  • decreased
  • increased
  • same

Question 124

Question
match the types of field size limitations
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(8) (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • aperture diaphragm
  • cone and cylinder collimator
  • modern collimator

Question 125

Question
The purpose of PBL is
Answer
  • to allow techs to not worry about collimation
  • ensure the field size is never larger than cassette
  • allow for easy collimation
  • automatically set field size

Question 126

Question
label
Image:
Screenshot+2023 03 16+132208 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • first stage shutters
  • collimator housing
  • second stage long shutters
  • second stage cross shutters
  • useful beam
  • image receptor
  • off-focus radiation
  • mirror
  • focal spot
  • anode

Question 127

Question
Positive Contrast Agents -[blank_start]Radiopaque[blank_end] ([blank_start]white[blank_end]) -Based upon [blank_start]Barium or Iodine[blank_end] Negative Contrast Agents -[blank_start]Radiolucent[blank_end] ([blank_start]black[blank_end]) -Are all [blank_start]gasses[blank_end]
Answer
  • Radiopaque
  • Radiolucent
  • white
  • black
  • Barium or Iodine
  • Barium or Calcium
  • Lead or Tungsten
  • Tungsten or Molybdenum
  • Calcium or Iodine
  • Barium or Tungsten
  • Radiopaque
  • Radiolucent
  • white
  • black
  • gasses
  • water
  • tissues
  • bones
  • barium
  • iodine

Question 128

Question
Additive diseases = [blank_start]increased radiopacity of tissue[blank_end] = [blank_start]increased[blank_end] technique Destructive diseases = [blank_start]increased radiolucency of tissue[blank_end] = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] technique
Answer
  • increased radiopacity of tissue
  • increased radiolucency of tissue
  • decreased radiopacity of tissue
  • decreased radiolucency of tissue
  • increased
  • decreased
  • same
  • increased radiopacity of tissue
  • increased radiolucency of tissue
  • decreased radiopacity of tissue
  • decreased radiolucency of tissue
  • increased
  • decreased
  • same

Question 129

Question
which of the following are additive diseases
Answer
  • Emphysema
  • Pleural Effusion
  • Edema
  • Osteoporosis
  • Pneumothorax
  • Pneumonia
  • Cardiomegaly
  • Cancer
  • increase fluid, bone or metal content
  • increase gas or fat, decrease normal fluid or bone

Question 130

Question
which of the following are destructive diseases
Answer
  • Emphysema
  • Pleural Effusion
  • Edema
  • Osteoporosis
  • Pneumothorax
  • Pneumonia
  • Cardiomegaly
  • Cancer
  • increase fluid, bone or metal content
  • increase gas or fat, decrease normal fluid or bone

Question 131

Question
For soft tissue techniques, kVp is
Answer
  • increased by 20%
  • decreased by 20%
  • remains the same as C-spine

Question 132

Question
For patients with a fiberglass cast/splint, the technique may be altered by
Answer
  • an increase in mAs by 50%
  • an increase in mAs by 20%
  • an increase in mAs by 8%
  • an increase in kVp by 50%
  • an increase in kVp by 20%
  • an increase in kVp by 8%

Question 133

Question
the longer the SID, the [blank_start]sharper[blank_end] the detail the longer the SID, the [blank_start]less[blank_end] magnification the longer the SID, the [blank_start]no effect on[blank_end] shape distortion
Answer
  • sharper
  • fuzzier
  • no effect on
  • more
  • less
  • no effect on
  • more
  • less
  • no effect on

Question 134

Question
fill in the formula for the inverse square law
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(9) (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • I1
  • I2
  • (D2)^2
  • (d1)^2

Question 135

Question
fill in the formula for the exposure maintenance law
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(9) (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • mAs1
  • mAs2
  • (D1)^2
  • (D2)^2

Question 136

Question
Increased OID = [blank_start]Decreased[blank_end] Scatter = [blank_start]shorter[blank_end] contrast scale Increased OID = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] scatter = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] IR exposure Increased OID = [blank_start]Decreased[blank_end] sharpness Increased OID = [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] magnification Increased OID = [blank_start]No effect on[blank_end] shape distortion
Answer
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • shorter
  • longer
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on

Question 137

Question
If 40 mAs at 76 kVp is used and the amount of exposure needs to be cut in half, determine the new technique that should be used if you want to use the 15% rule. round to 1 decimal place if necessary [blank_start]64.6[blank_end] kVp @ [blank_start]40[blank_end] mAs
Answer
  • 64.6
  • 40

Question 138

Question
If 80mAs at 70kVp is used and the IR exposure needs to be doubled and the remnant beam scale of contrast lengthened, determine the new technique that should be used. round to one decimal if necessary new kVp: [blank_start]80.5[blank_end] new mAs: [blank_start]80[blank_end]
Answer
  • 80.5
  • 80

Question 139

Question
A radiograph of the forearm is produced using 4 mAs at 65 kVp. round to 1 decimal place if necessary new kVp to double IR exposure: [blank_start]74.8[blank_end] new kVp to halve IR exposure: [blank_start]55.3[blank_end]
Answer
  • 74.8
  • 55.3

Question 140

Question
Volume of the irradiated tissue increases as
Answer
  • field size decreases
  • patient thickness increases
  • mAs decrease
  • all answers are correct

Question 141

Question
The half-value layer (HVL) is used to measure
Answer
  • mAs level
  • the penetrability of the xray beam
  • the grid ratio
  • the amount of xrays in the beam

Question 142

Question
Photon absorption within the body occurs as the result of
Answer
  • compton interactions
  • scatter radiation
  • photoelectric interaction
  • all answers are correct

Question 143

Question
The [blank_start]____[blank_end] the photon energy, the [blank_start]____[blank_end] the percentage of interactions that will be Compton interactions.
Answer
  • higher
  • lower
  • higher
  • lower
  • unaffected

Question 144

Question
If OID increases, the remnant beam contrast scale [blank_start]_________________[blank_end].
Answer
  • lengthens
  • shortens
  • is unaffected

Question 145

Question
The computer distinguishes the anatomy of interest from background exposure outside collimated field during:
Answer
  • exposure
  • automated field recognition
  • automated rescaling
  • field uniformity corrections

Question 146

Question
How dark or light a digital image appears on a display monitor is known as
Answer
  • contrast resolution
  • brightness
  • spatial resolution
  • density

Question 147

Question
In generic digital imaging terms, the average brightness level of the image is called the:
Answer
  • window level
  • window width
  • density
  • scale of contrast

Question 148

Question
In a digital image histogram graph, the vertical height of any data point along the plotted curve (measured against the y axis of the graph), indicates the:
Answer
  • image contrast
  • pixel value (brightness)
  • number of pixels possessing the value
  • S1

Question 149

Question
A barium study projection will likely require the computer to locate both Smin and Smax.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 150

Question
On an image histogram, an unusual spike to the left of the main bell-shaped lobe of the curve most likely represents:
Answer
  • osteoporosis
  • background exposure
  • a large metallic object
  • air in the lungs

Question 151

Question
Dependent on the manufacturer’s algorithm, a value of interest (VOI) can accentuate a certain tissue thickness or bone.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 152

Question
The larger the number of pixels in an image matrix, the:
Answer
  • shorter the acquisition time
  • greater the resolution of the image
  • greater the number of gray shades in the image
  • all answers are correct

Question 153

Question
Which of the following is an example of a Field Uniformity Correction?
Answer
  • creation of a best fit line for the raw detector data
  • a flattening of the histogram curve as needed
  • application of a kernel across the matrix
  • evening out of brightness to account for irregularities in the hardware of the IT across the image field

Question 154

Question
Many imaging systems present the histogram with an averaged gray scale curve overlying the histogram. The steeper the slope:
Answer
  • lighter the image
  • the darker the image
  • longer the image gray scale
  • higher the image contrast

Question 155

Question
Digital radiography images that are underexposed have a high SNR.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 156

Question
The development of which of the following enabled DR systems to use a flat-shaped receptor plate:
Answer
  • photostimulable phosphor plates
  • thin-film transistors (TFTs)
  • the photomultiplier tube
  • CCDs

Question 157

Question
In digital imaging processing, what is segmentation?
Answer
  • a graph plotting signal intensity for each pixel
  • identification of the exposed area of the IR
  • the anatomy on which the exam is performed
  • a look up table

Question 158

Question
Generally speaking, the smaller the pixels, the higher the spatial resolution.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 159

Question
Which of the following terms, all contractions, most accurately describes the individual hardware elements of a DR flat panel receptor that detect radiation in the remnant x-ray beam?
Answer
  • the dexel
  • the pixel
  • the voxel
  • the rexel

Question 160

Question
The selection of a narrow window width will:
Answer
  • decrease the size of each pixel
  • decrease overall brightness of the image
  • increase contrast in the image
  • increase magnification of the central portion of the image

Question 161

Question
Which of the following modalities create images with the highest spatial resolution?
Answer
  • ct
  • nuclear medicine
  • ultrasound
  • digital radiography

Question 162

Question
Adjustment of the window width of the image will change
Answer
  • the brightness of the image
  • the level of IR exposure
  • the spatial resolution of the image
  • the scale of contrast of the image

Question 163

Question
The smaller the pixels, the lower the spatial resolution.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 164

Question
For digital imaging, each image displayed consists of a discrete number of rows and columns of picture elements called the:
Answer
  • signal plate
  • display table
  • matrix
  • detector array

Question 165

Question
In digital radiography, image contrast displayed on the monitor is controlled exclusively by kilovoltage.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 166

Question
The larger the number of pixels in an image matrix, the:
Answer
  • greater the number of gray shades in the image
  • shorter the acquisition time
  • greater the spatial resolution in the image
  • all answers are correct
  • no answers are correct

Question 167

Question
A system with a high S/N ratio displays:
Answer
  • low noise and high signal
  • low signal and high noise
  • equal amounts of signal and noise
  • no signal and no noise

Question 168

Question
Scatter radiation adds exposure to the image receptor.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 169

Question
Which factor influences the average energy of photons reaching the IR?
Answer
  • kVp
  • mA
  • time
  • focal spot size

Question 170

Question
As kVp decreases, spatial resolution will _________________.
Answer
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Question 171

Question
In the diagnostic range, the majority of primary x-rays produced are:
Answer
  • characteristic
  • photoelectric
  • brems
  • compton

Question 172

Question
As kVp increases,
Answer
  • scatter increases
  • remnant beam contrast scale lengthens
  • all answers are correct
  • image receptor exposure increases

Question 173

Question
The amount of scatter reaching the image receptor is affected by all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
  • SID
  • Amount of Collimation
  • kVp
  • grid ratio

Question 174

Question
The larger the number of pixels in an image matrix, the:
Answer
  • greater the resolution
  • greater amount of shades of gray in the image
  • shorter acquisition time
  • all answers are correct

Question 175

Question
The higher the DQE, the higher the dose required to get an optimal image.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 176

Question
As the lead content of a grid increases,
Answer
  • image receptor exposure increases
  • the contrast decreases
  • The ability of the grid to remove scatter increases.
  • The ability of the grid to remove scatter decreases

Question 177

Question
In production of a radiograph, which of the following is considered the controlling factor of beam penetration and remnant beam scale of contrast?
Answer
  • kVp
  • mAs
  • time
  • filtration

Question 178

Question
The principal controlling factor of radiographic image receptor exposure is:
Answer
  • kVp
  • mAs
  • focal spot size
  • tube angulation

Question 179

Question
Image level parameters (window level) control image
Answer
  • brightness
  • contrast
  • density
  • darkness

Question 180

Question
All of the following are true of pixel pitch except:
Answer
  • it is measured from center-center of pixels
  • it is affected by changes in the matrix size
  • it is determined by the size of the dels in flat panel systems
  • it is not related to spatial resolution

Question 181

Question
Which of the following is NOT a component of a detector element?
Answer
  • capacitor
  • charged coupled device
  • semiconductor layer
  • thin film transistor

Question 182

Question
A phosphor screen or scintillator
Answer
  • fluoresces when exposed to light
  • fluoresces when exposed to xrays
  • ionizes selenium when exposed to x-rays
  • ionizes selenium when exposed to light

Question 183

Question
The percentage of the surface area of a flat panel detector element devoted to the semiconductor layer is:
Answer
  • DQE
  • Fill factor
  • detector ratio
  • capacitance

Question 184

Question
The purpose of the ADC is to convert the _______ signal to a _________ signal.
Answer
  • analog; digital
  • digital; analog
  • analog; detector
  • acquired; detected
  • detector; digital

Question 185

Question
Digital radiography images that are underexposed can show quantum mottle.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 186

Question
In a DR flat panel image receptor, which electronic devices directly account for the plate’s ability to store a latent image until it is sent into the computer?
Answer
  • capacitor
  • tfts
  • data lines
  • gate lines
  • semiconductor layer

Question 187

Question
An x-ray unit with a Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of 0.2 is said to have perfect contrast resolution.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 188

Question
What is the size of each pixel for an image with a 1024x1024 matrix using a 30x30 cm field of view:
Answer
  • 30 cm
  • 0.3 mm
  • 3 cm
  • 3 mm

Question 189

Question
The ratio of SID to SOD is the primary control for:
Answer
  • magnification
  • shape distortion
  • scatter production
  • sharpness of recorded detail

Question 190

Question
In a DR flat panel image receptor, most of the square area of each del is dedicated to what portion of the detector element:
Answer
  • the semiconductor layer
  • the gate lines
  • the capacitors
  • the tfts

Question 191

Question
The ionization chamber AEC is located behind the IR on the wall Bucky.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 192

Question
As matrix size increases, the image's spatial resolution increases.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 193

Question
Direct conversion digital imaging systems include which of the following?
Answer
  • CCD
  • PSP
  • amorphous Se tft
  • amorphous Si tft

Question 194

Question
A CMOS imaging system would have
Answer
  • microlens optics
  • charged couple arrays
  • amorphous selenium
  • a helium red laser

Question 195

Question
Which of the following is NOT one of the three steps to digitization of an analog image?
Answer
  • Sampling
  • Quantization
  • Scanning
  • Initiation

Question 196

Question
The maximum range of pixel values a hardware device can store is:
Answer
  • voxel depth
  • bit depth
  • gray scale
  • gray level

Question 197

Question
A radiograph is made using the following factors: 100 mA 8:1 grid 1.0 Sec 8x10 collimated field size 70 kVp large focal spot 50" SID 3mm Al 2" OID suspended respiration In each of the following, if only the proposed change is made, how will spatial resolution be affected? - Use of a 10x12 field size: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] - Use of no grid: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] - Use 200 mA: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] - Use 4" OID: [blank_start]decrease[blank_end] - Use small focal spot: [blank_start]increase[blank_end] - Use 4mm Al: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] -Use 4 seconds: [blank_start]decrease[blank_end]
Answer
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • decrease
  • increase
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • no change
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • decrease
  • increase
  • no change

Question 198

Question
A radiograph is made using the following factors: 100 mA 8:1 grid 1.0 Sec 8x10 collimated field size 70 kVp large focal spot 50" SID 3mm Al 2" OID suspended respiration In each of the following, if only the proposed change is made, how will IR exposure be affected? - Use of a 10x12 field size: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use of no grid: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use 200 mA: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use 2.0 seconds: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use 4" OID: [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] - Use 60" SID: [blank_start]decreased[blank_end]- Use 90 kVp: [blank_start]increased[blank_end]
Answer
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no change
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change

Question 199

Question
A radiograph is made using the following factors: 500 mA 2.5 sec 130 kVp 36" SID 6" OID 2000x1000 matrix size Window Width = 800 No grid 5x8 collimated field size small focal spot 3mm Al 0.1mm pixel size Window Level = 65 Changes are proposed below. In each of the following, if only the proposed change is made, how will spatial resolution be affected? - Collimate to 10x10; [blank_start]n/a[blank_end] - Use a grid; [blank_start]n/a[blank_end] - Use 72" SID; [blank_start]increase[blank_end] - Use 1" OID; [blank_start]increase[blank_end] -Window level = 165; [blank_start]n/a[blank_end] - Use 3600x3600 matrix size; [blank_start]increase[blank_end] - Use 0.1cm pixel size; [blank_start]decrease[blank_end]
Answer
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • decrease
  • increase
  • n/a
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