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Chapter 5 Exploration of Genes Relies on Key tools

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Amy Arce
Quiz by Amy Arce, updated more than 1 year ago
Amy Arce
Created by Amy Arce about 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Advances in biotechnology are possible because of key techniques such as
Answer
  • Restriction enzyme analysis
  • Blotting techniques
  • DNA sequencing
  • solid- phase synthesis of amino acids
  • solid-phase synthesis of nucleic acids
  • PCR

Question 2

Question
Restriction enzymes split DNA into specific fragments
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
Restriction enzymes are
Answer
  • bacterial enzymes that cleave DNA in a highly specific manner
  • fungal enzymes that cleave DNA in a highly specific manner
  • phage enzymes that cleave DNA in a highly specific manner

Question 4

Question
The restriction enzymes recognize
Answer
  • cleavage sites of three to eight nucleotides in length that are palindromic and then cleave each strand of the DNA
  • cleavage sites of four to eight nucleotides in length that are palindromic and then cleave each strand of the DNA
  • cleavage sites of four to eight nucleotides in length that are non-palindromic and then cleave each strand of the DNA
  • cleavage sites of three to eight nucleotides in length that are non-palindromic and then cleave each strand of the DNA

Question 5

Question
DNA fragments can be separated by gel electrophoresis
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 6

Question
In gel electrophoresis, fragments can be visualized by staining with
Answer
  • agarose
  • polyacrylamide gels
  • ethidium bromide
  • bromide

Question 7

Question
Separated fragments of DNA are transferred to a sheet of
Answer
  • cellulose paper, a process called southern blotting, and then exposed to a radioactively labeled probe complementary to the sequence of interest
  • nitrocellulose paper, a process called southern blotting, and then exposed to a radioactively labeled probe parallel to the sequence of interest
  • nitrocellulose paper, a process called southern blotting, and then exposed to a radioactively labeled probe complementary to the sequence of interest
  • cellulose paper, a process called southern blotting, and then exposed to a radioactively labeled probe parallel to the sequence of interest

Question 8

Question
Autoradiography does not identify the fragment binding to the probe
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Answer
  • Allows the amplification of any DNA sequence provided some sequence information about the target DNA is known
  • Allows the amplification of any DNA sequence without the sequence information about the target DNA
  • Separates DNA fragments
  • Consist of target DNA and does not require heat in order to stabilize the DNA polymerase

Question 10

Question
PCR consist of three steps that are repeated until the desired degree of amplification is achieved. What is the first step?
Answer
  • The mixture is cooled to a temperature determined by the experimenter (55 degrees Celsius), to allow the primers to anneal to the DNA
  • The duplex containing the target sequence and the flanking regions (primers) is cooled to 80 degrees to generate single strands
  • The duplex containing the target sequence and the flanking regions (primers) is heated to 80 degrees Celsius to generate single strands
  • The mixture is heated to 72 degrees Celsius, allowing the polymerase to synthesize DNA

Question 11

Question
PCR is a powerful technique in medical diagnosis, forensics, and studies of molecular evolution
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
Instances of genetic variation
Answer
  • Polymorphisms, does not correlate with the emergence of a disease
  • Polymorphisms, sometimes correlate with the emergence of a disease
  • Polymorphisms, sometimes correlate with the disappearance of a disease
  • Polymorphisms, does not correlate with the disappearance of a disease

Question 13

Question
A vector,
Answer
  • a piece of RNA readily taken up and replicate by bacteria, is cleaved by the same restriction enzyme used to generate the fragment
  • a piece of DNA readily taken up and replicate by bacteria, is cleaved by the same restriction enzyme used to generate the fragment
  • a piece of RNA ligase readily taken up and replicate by bacteria, is cleaved by the same restriction enzyme used to generate the fragment
  • a piece of DNA ligase readily taken up and replicate by bacteria, is cleaved by the same restriction enzyme used to generate the fragment

Question 14

Question
DNA ligase is used to separate the fragment and the vector, generating recombinant DNA
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 15

Question
Common Vectors are
Answer
  • DNA ligase
  • bacterial plasmids
  • bacteriophage lambda
  • primers

Question 16

Question
If the DNA fragment of interest does not contain appropriate restriction sites for vector insertion, a chemically synthesized linker DNA with the required restriction site is added to the fragment
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 17

Question
Plasmids and lamda phage are choice vectors for DNA cloning in bacteria
Answer
  • Specifically designed plasmids called cloning vectors allow for efficient deletion of DNA as well as replication
  • Specifically designed plasmids called cloning vectors allow for efficient insertion of DNA as well as replication
  • cloning vectors may not have a polylinker region
  • cloning vectors may have a polylinker regions
  • cloning Vectors contain promoters that facilitate transcription of the insert and sequences that allow translation
  • cloning Vectors contain promoters that facilitate transcription of the deletion and sequences that allow translation

Question 18

Question
Reporter genes, such as antibiotic-resistance genes, in the vector make identification of vectors with the inserted DNA harder
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
Lamda phage (viruses that infect bacteria) are
Answer
  • cloning vectors
  • can infect a cell and cause lysis or become stably integrated into the host DNA (lysogenic pathway) and be replicated indefinitely
  • Environmental changes does not cause the switch from lysogenic to lytic pathway
  • complementary DNA prepared from mRNA

Question 20

Question
Complementary DNA can also be inserted into expression vectors
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

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Expression vectors are
Answer
  • plasmids or λ phage that have powerful promoters for transcription as well as a segment of DNA that encodes a ribosome-binding site that is expressed with the mRNA encoded by the cDNA.
  • plasmids or λ phage that have powerful promoters for translation as well as a segment of DNA that encodes a ribosome-binding site that is expressed with the rRNA encoded by the cDNA.
  • plasmids or λ phage that have powerful promoters for transcription as well as a segment of DNA that encodes a ribosome-binding site that is expressed with the tRNA encoded by the cDNA.
  • plasmids or λ phage that have powerful promoters for translation as well as a segment of DNA that encodes a ribosome-binding site that is expressed with the tRNA encoded by the cDNA.

Question 22

Question
Expression vectors allow for not only transcription but also translation of the cDNA library
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
Replica plates are made of a λ phage containing an expression vector, and the plaques are probed with an antibody for the protein of interest.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
Human gene therapy holds great promise for medicine
Answer
  • Gene therapy, the deletion of functional genes into cells to replace mutated genes
  • Gene therapy, the insertion of functional genes into cells to replace mutated genes

Question 25

Question
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
Answer
  • Is an example of gene therapy
  • is an example of a phage
  • has been treated by infecting cells with a functional version of the mutated enzyme, adenosine deaminase
  • has been treated by curing cells with a functional version of the mutated enzyme, adenosine deaminase
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