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Ch. 5 genes, environment, diseases

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patho 1 Quiz on Ch. 5 genes, environment, diseases, created by Esmeralda Espitia on 03/02/2022.
Esmeralda Espitia
Quiz by Esmeralda Espitia, updated more than 1 year ago
Esmeralda Espitia
Created by Esmeralda Espitia over 2 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
1. The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?
Answer
  • a. Incidence
  • b. Prevalence
  • c. Ratio
  • d. Risk

Question 2

Question
2. The ratio of the disease among the exposed population to the disease rate in an unexposed population is referred to as what type of risk?
Answer
  • a. Attributable
  • b. Contingency
  • c. Causal
  • d. Relative

Question 3

Question
3. What are empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases based on?
Answer
  • a. Chromosomal testing
  • b. Direct observation
  • c. Liability thresholds
  • d. Relative risks

Question 4

Question
4. What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?
Answer
  • a. Diet high in saturated fats
  • b. Increased production of cholesterol by the liver
  • c. Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell surfaces
  • d. Abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood

Question 5

Question
5. Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle?
Answer
  • a. Sodium intake
  • b. Physical inactivity
  • c. Psychosocial stress
  • d. Obesity

Question 6

Question
6. A student asks, “What is the percentage of all cases of breast cancer that are identified as an autosomal dominant form?” What response by the professor is best?
Answer
  • a. <1
  • b. 5 to 10
  • c. 15 to 20
  • d. 20 to 30

Question 7

Question
7. When a woman has one first-degree relative with breast cancer, her risk of developing breast cancer is how many times greater?
Answer
  • a. 2
  • b. 3
  • c. 6
  • d. 10

Question 8

Question
8. Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism when raised by a nonalcoholic parent?
Answer
  • a. Twofold
  • b. Threefold
  • c. Fourfold
  • d. Tenfold

Question 9

Question
9. Studies have identified several genes that play a role in the prevention of obesity by affecting what?
Answer
  • a. Regulation of appetite
  • b. Metabolizing of fat
  • c. Absorption of fat
  • d. Altering the sense of satiety

Question 10

Question
10. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?
Answer
  • a. Ovarian
  • b. Lung
  • c. Uterine
  • d. Pancreatic

Question 11

Question
11. What are blood pressure variations associated with?
Answer
  • a.1-Adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate
  • b. The release of an antiderietic hormone
  • c. The renin-angiotensin system’s effect on vasoconstriction
  • d. Serum bradykinin, causing vasodilation

Question 12

Question
12. What are the two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes?
Answer
  • a. Autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen associations
  • b. Autoantibodies and obesity
  • c. Obesity and positive family history
  • d. HLA associations and positive family history

Question 13

Question
13. A parent wants to know how to prevent type 1 diabetes in the newborn. The healthcare professional explains that prevention is not possible, because which of these is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Answer
  • a. Partial insulin secretion
  • b. An autoimmune cause factor
  • c. Insulin resistance
  • d. Obesity as a common risk factor

Question 14

Question
14. A patient with several risk factors is concerned about developing type 2 diabetes. The healthcare professional advises the patient to lose weight, explaining that obesity is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus because it causes what?
Answer
  • a. Reduced insulin production by the pancreas
  • b. Increased resistance to insulin in the cells
  • c. Obstructed outflow of insulin from the pancreas
  • d. Stimulation of glucose production by the liver

Question 15

Question
15. Traits caused by the combined effects of multiple genes are referred to by which term?
Answer
  • a. Polygenic
  • b. Multifocal
  • c. Modifiable
  • d. Involuntary

Question 16

Question
16. Regarding type 2 diabetes, obesity is considered to be what type of risk?
Answer
  • a. Genetic
  • b. Empirical
  • c. Relative
  • d. Modifiable

Question 17

Question
17. Which disease form is associated with identified empirical risks?
Answer
  • a. Polygenic
  • b. Multifactorial
  • c. Monozygotic
  • d. Genetic

Question 18

Question
18. The number of persons living with a specific disease at a specific point in time is referred to by which term?
Answer
  • a. Relativity
  • b. Survivability
  • c. Prevalence
  • d. Incidence

Question 19

Question
19. Which type of cancer is said to aggregate among families?
Answer
  • a. Breast
  • b. Lung
  • c. Skin
  • d. Brain

Question 20

Question
20. Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing colon cancer?
Answer
  • a. Increased consumption of dairy products
  • b. Increased consumption of foods containing vitamin C
  • c. Decreased consumption of foods high in fat
  • d. Decreased consumption of artificial food coloring

Question 21

Question
21. What is currently believed about the risk for developing Alzheimer disease?
Answer
  • a. It is not directly related to genetic predisposition.
  • b. It is higher among men than it is among women.
  • c. It occurs less among Hispanics than in Asians.
  • d. It doubles among those with an affected first-degree relative.

Question 22

Question
22. The number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific period divided by the number of individuals in the population is defined as which characteristic of a disease?
Answer
  • a. Prevalence rate
  • b. Incidence rate
  • c. Relative risk
  • d. Frequency

Question 23

Question
1. Which are cancers that cluster strongly in families? (Select all that apply.)
Answer
  • a. Breast
  • b. Colon
  • c. Ovarian
  • d. Lung
  • e. Brain

Question 24

Question
2. Which genes are responsible for an autosomal dominant form of breast cancer? (Select all that apply.)
Answer
  • a. LCAT
  • b. CHK1
  • c. CHK2
  • d. BRCA1
  • e. BRCA2

Question 25

Question
3. Which lifestyle modifications affect health-related risk factors? (Select all that apply.)
Answer
  • a. Diet
  • b. Exercise
  • c. Education
  • d. Finances
  • e. Stress reduction

Question 26

Question
4. What factors are typically considered when assessing an individual’s risk for developing such common diseases as hypertension? (Select all that apply.)
Answer
  • a. Age
  • b. Diet
  • c. Exercise habits
  • d. Family history
  • e. Spiritual beliefs

Question 27

Question
5. Which are examples of multifactorial diseases associated with adults? (Select all that apply.)
Answer
  • a. Breast cancer
  • b. Coronary heart disease
  • c. Emphysema
  • d. Diabetes mellitus
  • e. Schizophrenia
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