Module One: The Atmosphere

heat transfer by mass motion of a fluid such as air or water when the heated fluid is caused to move away from the source of heat, carrying energy with it.

process by which heat energy is transmitted through collisions between neighboring molecules.

spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane

The changing of a liquid into a gas, often under the influence of heat

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the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere and site of all weather on Earth.

the layer of the earth's atmosphere extending to about 32 miles (50 km) above the earth's surface

the outermost region of a planet's atmosphere.

the outermost region of a planet's atmosphere in which temperature increases continuously with altitude

Carbon

Oxygen

Nitrogen

hydrogen

Any form of water, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls to the earth's surface

It is the process whereby atoms or molecules in a liquid state gain sufficient energy to enter the gaseous state

The conversion of a substance from the vapor state to a denser liquid or solid state usually initiated by a reduction in temperature of the vapor