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Earth Systems

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Quiz on Earth Systems, created by muraj012 on 13/06/2015.
muraj012
Quiz by muraj012, updated more than 1 year ago
muraj012
Created by muraj012 over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
A physical cycle is the reversible changes in non-living aspects
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 2

Question
A biogeochemical cycle refers to geology
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
Identify examples of physical cycles in Earth Systems (2 answers)
Answer
  • Reproduction
  • Rock cycle (atoms being rearranged in rocks)
  • Supercontinental cycle (plate tectonic movement)

Question 4

Question
Identify examples of biogeochemical cycles (2 answers)
Answer
  • Carbon cycle (regulating climate)
  • Hydrological cycle (water cycle)
  • Rock cycle (rearrangement of atoms)

Question 5

Question
What are the four principal Earth Systems? (4 answers)
Answer
  • Atmosphere, Biosphere, Geosphere, Hydrosphere
  • Biosphere, Geologicalsphere, Chemsphere, Hydrosphere
  • Photosphere, Transphere, Atmosphere, Geosphere

Question 6

Question
What are examples of short-time scales? (2 answers)
Answer
  • Global warming
  • Deforestation
  • Climate change

Question 7

Question
What are examples of long-time scales? (2 answers)
Answer
  • Population growth
  • Climate change
  • Mass extinction

Question 8

Question
How can changes vary? (3 answers)
Answer
  • Type of change
  • Frequency (how often it occurs)
  • Underlying cause
  • Level of importance/devastation

Question 9

Question
A mineral is a rock
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
Most rocks are composed of more than one type of mineral
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
What defines a mineral? (6 answers)
Answer
  • Naturally occuring
  • Solid
  • Crystalline (an ordered crystalline structure based on atomic patterns also known as 'crystal lattice')
  • Orderly arrangement of atoms
  • Usually inorganic
  • Only found in volcanoes
  • Contain carbon-hydrogen bonds

Question 12

Question
How is a mineral tested for identification? (9 answers)
Answer
  • Colour
  • Streak
  • Lustre
  • Hardness
  • Specific gravity (density)
  • Crystal habit/form
  • Cleavage/fracture
  • Magnetism
  • Taste/touch
  • State of matter (liquid, gas, solid)

Question 13

Question
Colour is a reliable source of identification
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 14

Question
Mafic rocks contain dark-coloured minerals.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 15

Question
Felsic rocks contain light-coloured minerals.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
The Mohs Hardness Scale is used for rocks only.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 17

Question
Identify the ideal shape (morphology) of crystal habit in minerals. (8 answers)
Answer

Question 18

Question
What are the types of cleavage? (4 answers)
Answer
  • Planar (basal) - 1 direction
  • Prismatic - 2 directions at 90 degrees
  • Cubic - 3 directions all at 90 degrees
  • Orthorhombic - 3 directions not at 90 degrees
  • Isosceles - 2 directions at 60 degrees

Question 19

Question
The Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals (a type of salt made up of silicon and oxygen)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
Plate tectonics do not predict earth's behaviour.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
Seismology is the study of earthquakes.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
What do earthquakes do?
Answer
  • Generate energy waves
  • Directly kill people
  • Open up and swallow people

Question 23

Question
There are three main layers of earth (crust, mantle, core)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
The further you explore earth, the thinner the layering and the lower the density (pressure).
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 25

Question
What are the elements in the crust? (8 answers)
Answer
  • Si (Silicon)
  • O (Oxygen)
  • Al (Aluminium)
  • Fe (Iron)
  • Ca (Calcium)
  • Na (Sodium)
  • K (Potassium)
  • Mg (Magnesium)
  • Cu (Copper)

Question 26

Question
Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
Continental crust is more dense than oceanic crust
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
Continental crust is mafic and oceanic crust is felsic
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
The 'Moho' is the crust-mantle boundary
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
The mantle is made up of solid rock (ultramafic peridotite)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 31

Question
The mantle flows like a river of lava.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 32

Question
What minerals does the core comprise of? (4 answers)
Answer
  • Fe (Iron)
  • Ni (Nickel)
  • Pt (Platinum)
  • Au (Gold)
  • Ag (Silver)

Question 33

Question
The innermost part of the core is liquid.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 34

Question
The flow in the outer core generates the earth's magnetic field.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 35

Question
The Asthenosphere flows like softened wax (caramel).
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
The Lithosphere is below the Asthenosphere.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 37

Question
What are the types of plate boundaries? (3 answers)
Answer
  • Divergent
  • Convergent
  • Transform
  • Arctangent

Question 38

Question
What is the cause of divergent plate boundaries?
Answer
  • Sea-floor spreading
  • Balanced sea-floor spreading

Question 39

Question
In a transform plate boundary, plate boundaries are created and destroyed.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 40

Question
Active volcanoes create seamounts (hotspots)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 41

Question
The oceanic crust is formed at divergent boundaries.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 42

Question
Weathering is the same as erosion.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
Identify an example of physical weathering:
Answer
  • Root wedging
  • Oxidation
  • Chemical reaction

Question 44

Question
Identify an example of chemical weathering:
Answer
  • Hydrolysis
  • Jointing
  • Animal/Human activity

Question 45

Question
The fastest weathering minerals are Halite, Calcite, and Olivine.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
The slowest weathering minerals are Hermatite, Gibbsite, and Quartz.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 47

Question
The corners of a rock weather the slowest.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 48

Question
Over time, rocks will form roughly spherical shapes from harsh weathering.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 49

Question
What are the causes of erosion? (5 answers)
Answer
  • Wind
  • Running water, waves
  • Ice (glaciers)
  • Living organisms
  • Gravity
  • Magnetism

Question 50

Question
How are rocks held together? (2 answers)
Answer
  • Clastic (cement)
  • Crystalline (interlocking grains)
  • Glue
  • Gravity

Question 51

Question
What are the major rock groups? (3 answers)
Answer
  • Igneous
  • Sedimentary
  • Metamorphic
  • Crystalline

Question 52

Question
What are examples of an igneous rock? (2 answers)
Answer
  • Granite
  • Basalt
  • Pebble
  • Lava

Question 53

Question
What are examples of sedimentary rocks?
Answer
  • Sandstone
  • Limestone
  • Slate
  • Magma

Question 54

Question
What are examples of metamorphic rocks?
Answer
  • Marble
  • Slate
  • Gabbro
  • Glass

Question 55

Question
How can rocks be identified? (5 answers)
Answer
  • Grain size
  • Shape (morphology)
  • Mineralogy and composition
  • Texture
  • Layering
  • Colour

Question 56

Question
Magma can be any state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 57

Question
Magmas vary chemically due to: (4 answers)
Answer
  • Initial source rock compositions
  • Partial melting
  • Assimilation and mixing
  • Fractional composition
  • Climate
  • Type and location of volcano

Question 58

Question
Bowen's Reaction Series refers to a graph that will identify what type of volcanic rocks will melt at what specific temperature.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 59

Question
A xenolithe is a foreign rock.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 60

Question
Metamorphic rocks do not hold any economic value.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 61

Question
New minerals are grown in metamorphic rock.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 62

Question
What are the sedimentary rock classes? (4 answers)
Answer
  • Clastic/detrital
  • Organic
  • Geochemical
  • Inorganic
  • Biochemical
  • Chemical

Question 63

Question
Granule is the smallest size of rock.
Answer
  • True
  • False
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