Antibiotics

Description

Quiz on antibiotics lecture.
Ash Lig
Quiz by Ash Lig, updated more than 1 year ago
Ash Lig
Created by Ash Lig almost 9 years ago
351
7

Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which of the following statements best reflects the key difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics?
Answer
  • Bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit bacterial replication, whereas bactericidal antibiotics directly kill bacteria.
  • Bactericidal antibiotics allow the host immune system to combat bacteria, whereas bacteriostatc antibiotics rely less on host immunity for clearing infection.
  • Bacteriostatic antibiotics are the preferred treatment for infections at sites of poor penetration.
  • Bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics are very similar and can be used interchangeably.

Question 2

Question
The primary mechanism of action of Tetracyclines and Clindamycin is to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Therefore, both of these agents are classified as...
Answer
  • bacteriostatic
  • bactericidal

Question 3

Question
The primary mechanism of action for Vancomycin and penicillins is to disrupt the bacterial cell wall. Therefore, these antibiotics are...
Answer
  • bacteriostatic
  • bactericidal

Question 4

Question
The primary mechanism of action for Fluoroquinolones is to inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis via DNA fragmentation. Therefore, this antibiotic is...
Answer
  • bactericidal
  • bacteriostatic

Question 5

Question
Which statement best describes the cellular wall structure of gram positive organisms?
Answer
  • A thick outer peptidoglycan layer with an inner lipid bilayer.
  • A thin outer peptidoglycan layer with an inner lipid bilayer.
  • An outer lipid bilayer containing porins. Lipoproteins attach the outer membrane to a middle peptidoglycan layer. The inner cytoplasmic membrane is a lipid bilayer.
  • An outer lipid bilayer. Lipoproteins attach the outer membrane to a middle peptidoglycan layer. The inner cytoplasmic membrane is a lipid bilayer that contains porins.

Question 6

Question
Select all the factors that make gram negative bacteria more difficult to kill:
Answer
  • Gram negative bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer in the cell membrane than gram positive bacteria, which makes it more difficult for antibiotics to penetrate the cell.
  • Gram negative bacteria have porins embedded in the outer membrane, which can block out certain antibiotics.
  • In fact, gram positive bacteria are more difficult to treat than gram negative.
  • Gram negative bacteria have a strong outer membrane and a peptidolgycan layer protecting the cytoplasmic membrane, whereas gram positive bacteria only have peptidoglycan layers covering the cytoplasmic membrane. This makes it more difficult for antibiotics to penetrate gram negative bacteria.
  • Gram negative bacteria possess exotoxins and endotoxins, whereas gram positive bacteria only possess exotoxins.

Question 7

Question
Most bacteria are aerobic. Anaerobes are common in the bowel.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
What is the purpose of ordering a C&S test?
Answer
  • To determine the antibiotics to which the bacteria is most sensitive
  • To determine whether the bacteria is gram negative or gram positive
  • To determine whether the bacteria is a rod or coccus form
  • To determine how the bacteria associate

Question 9

Question
What is the clinical significance of the concept of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)?
Answer
  • The MIC correlates to the dose that will be administered to the patient. We need serum and tissue concentrations to exceed the MIC to be effective.
  • The MIC will help to determine when therapy should begin and how long the course of treatment should be.
  • When calculating the MIC, you have to take into consideration the patient's age, disease state, previous antibiotic use, and other factors.
  • Immunosuppressed patients will always require a dose that is much lower than the MIC.

Question 10

Question
When should a patient be started on antibiotics?
Answer
  • Not until C&S results are available.
  • As soon as there is a clinical suspicion of infection.
  • As soon as staining results are available and the bacteria is confirmed as gram positive or negative.
  • Whenever a patient is admitted to hospital. All patients should receive antibiotics prophylactically.

Question 11

Question
Which statement is true about combining antibiotics?
Answer
  • Antibiotics should never be combined because it increases the risk of toxicity and developing resistance.
  • Combining antibiotics may result in either an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic response, depending on the agents used and the bacteria being targeted.
  • Combining antibiotics will result in a synergistic response, which is why it is standard practice to administer combination therapy.
  • Combinations should never be administered to an immunosuppressed patient.

Question 12

Question
What is the main reason for why beta-lactams (e.g. penicillins) are very safe antibiotic agents?
Answer
  • Beta-lactams target penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are involved in the final stages of synthesis of peptidoglycan. Mammalian cells do not require this protein to synthesize cell wall components.
  • Beta-lactams are bacteriostatic so they do not actively kill cells.
  • Beta-lactams are quickly metabolized and excreted.
  • Certain bacteria that occur naturally in the body produce an enzyme that cleaves the beta-lactam ring, thereby inactivating the drug. This prevents levels of the drug from building up in the body and leading to toxicity.

Question 13

Question
With regard to cephalosporins, the newer generations have greater resistance to beta-lactamase (e.g. fourth generation is more resistant than first).
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 14

Question
From the following, select all correct characteristics of beta-lactams:
Answer
  • Dosing is usually TID to QID because of short half-lives
  • Some have better absorption if taken on empty stomach (e.g. cloxacillin)
  • Most are renally excreted, therefore requiring dose adjustment in pts with renal impairment
  • Unlike many other antibiotics, they have no influence on the efficacy of oral contraceptives

Question 15

Question
Both beta-lactams and vancomycin inhibit cell wall biosynthesis. Therefore, both of these agents are...
Answer
  • bactericidal
  • bacteriostatic

Question 16

Question
You are caring for a patient who has been prescribed vancomycin. You started an IV infusion 20 minutes ago. The patient pressed the call bell and tells you that he is feeling itchy and his neck and face are flushed. What do you suspect is happening and what should you do?
Answer
  • You suspect an allergic reaction. You should stop the infusion immediately and notify the prescribing MD.
  • You suspect red man syndrome. You should slow the infusion rate and monitor the patient.
  • You suspect an allergic reaction. You should call the Rapid Response Team and document the event ASAP.
  • You suspect that these symptoms are caused by the infection. You should do nothing.

Question 17

Question
Aminoglycosides are one antibacterial agent that exhibits a post-antibiotic effect (PAE). What does this mean?
Answer
  • There is a continued inhibition of bacterial growth even when concentration falls below MIC
  • The patient may exhibit symptoms of toxicity even after the course of treatment has ended
  • The patient may experience adverse effects for days or weeks after treatment
  • The patient will experience GI troubles after a course of treatment because their gut flora is diminished

Question 18

Question
Why is it important to monitor trough concentrations in patients being administered either Vancomycin or Aminoglycosides?
Answer
  • Because both agents are nephrotoxic
  • Because both agents may cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Because both agents have a very narrow therapeutic index
  • Because monitoring peak concentrations will give you false results

Question 19

Question
Macrolides (e.g. erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin) inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Therefore, this class of antibiotic is...
Answer
  • bactericidal
  • bacteriostatic

Question 20

Question
Fluoroquinolones inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis. Therefore, this class of antibiotic is...
Answer
  • bactericidal
  • bacteriostatic

Question 21

Question
Sulfonamides inhibit bacterial folate synthesis needed for making DNA, RNA, and protein. Therefore, this class of antibiotics is...
Answer
  • bactericidal
  • bacteriostatic

Question 22

Question
Which of the following antibiotics is highly protein bound and has many drug interactions?
Answer
  • Sulfonamides
  • Vancomycin
  • Penicillins
  • Tetracyclines

Question 23

Question
Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Therefore, it is...
Answer
  • bacteriostatic
  • bactericidal

Question 24

Question
Which of the following agents' main side effect is GI intolerance, including development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea due to overgrowth of C. difficile?
Answer
  • Clindamycin
  • Vancomycin
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Tetracyclines

Question 25

Question
Which of the following agents should NOT be taken with alcohol?
Answer
  • Metronidazole
  • Vancomycin
  • Tetracycline
  • Penicillin
Show full summary Hide full summary

Similar

Exam 1 Medications
tera_alise
Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
Hannah Tribe
Pharmacology
Justin Veazey
Monoamine pharmacology -Antidepressant drugs - Dr. Emma Robinson
Anna mph
NCLEX REVIEW MODEL
Jamie R Pascual
General Anaesthetics Part 1 - Steve Fitzjohn
Anna mph
Transcription
Has Maj
Cognition and Dementia - Alzheimer's disease.
Anna mph
Organelles
Has Maj
G- Couple Protein Receptors
Has Maj
Module 6 chapter 12.
Alannah Mendoza