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Astronomy: The Solar System Units- 19, 21-25, 34-39, and 51-52

Description

This is made to prepare students of BGSU ASTR 2120: The Solar System. It was created using information from Pathways to Astronomy (Third Edition) by Stephen E. Schneider and Thomas T. Arny. It consists of 51 Multiple Choice and True and False Questions. A few mathematical based questions was taken from this website (http://physics.bgsu.edu/~layden/A212H/practice_probs_exam1.htm) and credit for them goes to Dr. Layden of BGSU. To view explanations and solutions view the link in the comments.
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
In the picture, what type of tides is Earth experiencing?
Image:
3629b237-7962-4e38-b0d1-71e71796a016 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Spring tides
  • Neap tides
  • Weak tides
  • Leap tides

Question 2

Question
Mercury has a radius of 2440km and a mass of 3.30x10^23kg. What is Mercury's density?
Image:
49ee28c8-5202-4dfc-9156-7b6a47e5a40b (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • 5.423x10^12kg/km^3
  • 5.423x10^11kg/km^3
  • 5,423kg/km^3
  • 5.42kg/km^3

Question 3

Question
The Earth has a density of 5.52kg/L and a volume of 1.082x10^24L. What is the mass of the Earth?
Image:
77f70e34-5933-4e62-971f-6d63c818ff85 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • 5.52x10^20kg
  • 52,000kg
  • 5.97x10^24kg
  • 5.11x10^-24kg

Question 4

Question
If the Moon is in its First and Third Quarter phases, what type of tides is being experienced on Earth?
Answer
  • Leap Tides
  • Neap Tides
  • Spring Tides
  • Weak Tides

Question 5

Question
Compute the mass of Jupiter given observations of the Galilean moons: the moon Io takes 1.796 days to complete an orbit, and it orbits at an average distance of 423,000 km (units are in days/km/kg, so use G = 4.98x10^-10)
Image:
0a533cec-a524-4ef2-bf55-6a822ad0d914 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • 4.4x10^21kg
  • 1.035x10^27kg
  • 1.86x10^27kg
  • 1.081x10^27kg

Question 6

Question
A galaxy is moving away from the Earth at a velocity of +100000m/s. To what wavelength would the H alpha line have shifted to? (assume the rest wavelength of H alpha is 656.25nm).
Image:
7925356e-e019-44b8-9699-66bfd14e9234 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • 457nm
  • 656.25nm
  • 0.218nm
  • 656.47nm

Question 7

Question
There is a star with an observed wavelength of 645nm and a rest wavelength of 650nm. How fast is the star moving, and is it moving away or towards the Earth?
Image:
f799dcb7-0c6d-4609-b14d-d2baef34599a (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • -2.3x10^6m/s and moving towards the Earth
  • 2.3x10^6m/s and moving away from the Earth
  • 2.5x10^4m/s and moving towards the Earth
  • -2.5x10^4m/s and moving away from the Earth

Question 8

Question
There are two stars in a binary star system orbiting each other. Star Q is 10 solar masses and Star BB is 6 solar masses. They are 4 Au apart. How long does it take them to complete one orbit?
Image:
447dcaff-7c6d-40b6-afae-72faa8df84be (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • 8yrs
  • 2yrs
  • 4yrs
  • 1yr

Question 9

Question
Our lab has recorded a previously undetected electromagnetic pulse from deep space. Our equipment indicates that the pulse has an energy of 4.96x10^-28J. What is the pulse's approximate wavelength and then indicate placement on the electromagnetic spectrum?
Image:
3dc7f76a-0594-4e66-a279-370d2c1df57d (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • 550nm and it would be Greenish-Blueish Visible Light
  • 1nm and it would be X-rays
  • 1000nm and it would be Infrared
  • 400nm and it would be Violet Visible Light

Question 10

Question
The Sun produces energy by:
Answer
  • Nuclear Fusion between Hydrogen atoms in its core
  • Nuclear Fission between Hydrogen atoms in its core
  • Nuclear Fusion between Helium atoms in its core
  • Nuclear Fission between Helium atoms in its core

Question 11

Question
What are the layers of the Sun from the innermost to outermost layer?
Answer
  • Convection Zone, Core, Radiative Zone, Photosphere, Chromosphere, Corona
  • Core, Radiative Zone, Convection Zone, Photosphere, Chromosphere, Corona
  • Radiative Zone, Convection Zone, Core, Photosphere, Corona, Chromosphere
  • Radiative Zone, Core, Photosphere, Corona, Convection Zone, Chromosphere

Question 12

Question
As the Sun progresses through its life cycle, it will have __________ amounts of Hydrogen and ___________ amounts of Helium.
Answer
  • Lower, Lower
  • Higher, Lower
  • Lower, Higher
  • Higher, Higher

Question 13

Question
How long does it take for a photon to reach the surface of the Sun?
Answer
  • 10 million years
  • 10 thousand years
  • 10 minutes
  • 100 years

Question 14

Question
What are Solar Prominences?
Answer
  • Cool, dark spots on the Sun's surface
  • Solar winds or "belches" that spew photons towards the Earth
  • A huge plume of glowing gas channeled by magnetic fields
  • A winding up of the Sun's magnetic field

Question 15

Question
True or False: Coronal Mass Ejections can affected the Earth's communications, satellites, and even power grids.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
In this diagram, the Earth is experiencing Spring Tides.
Image:
446d77fe-2b81-4c71-b08a-2722cc4ab5df (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 17

Question
Some lab equipment has recorded a burst of electromagnetic energy with a frequency of 10^6Hz. What is the wavelength of this electromagnetic energy, and where does it fit on the electromagnetic spectrum?
Image:
f16de1cd-50d8-4aee-8c18-2356596a11f8 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • 300nm and it is Blue Visible Light
  • 300nm and it is Ultraviolet Light
  • 1nm and it is X-rays
  • 1m and it is a Radio Wave

Question 18

Question
The Solar Cycle is the change in Sunspot and Flare activity from year to year following approximetly an 11 year cycle.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
Sunspots cause Solar Flares, which are brief but bright eruptions of hot gas in the chromosphere.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
Sunspots are:
Answer
  • Large, dark regions on the surfaces of the sun.
  • Cooler than the surrounding surface.
  • capable of making magnetic arcs that can channel solar prominences.
  • All of the above

Question 21

Question
The picture represents what type of spectrum, characterized by bright lines at certain wavelengths separated by darker regions in which little or no radiation is emitted?
Image:
1248a9ca-a580-49af-9e19-a60030b3e44f (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Absorption-line spectrum
  • Electromagnetic spectrum
  • Continuous spectrum
  • Emission-line spectrum

Question 22

Question
This picture represents an absorption-line spectrum, which results when light with a continuous spectrum passes through a cool gas.
Image:
7149d532-152c-4e56-b6ee-91d934bf06e9 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
The longer the wavelength of light, the higher level of energy it carries.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
A blackbody is a theoretical object that reflects all the radiation falling on it.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 25

Question
Wien's law states that the hotter a body is, the more strongly it will radiate at short wavelengths.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 26

Question
A Red Giant Star is hotter than a Blue Giant Star.
Image:
d1a06ac7-08f7-4d14-9f56-c30c7c13595c (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
A continuous spectrum is spectrum in which the intensity changes smoothly with the wavelength, and all colors are present.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
According to Doppler Shift: Waves shorten as a source approaches the observer and lengthens as it recedes.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
The planets in order from closest to the Sun to furthest from the Sun follow which order?
Answer
  • Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
  • Mars, Venus, Earth, Mercury, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, Saturn
  • Earth, Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Mars, Neptune, Saturn, Uranus
  • Jupiter, Saturn, Earth, Mars, Venus, Neptune, Uranus, Mercury

Question 30

Question
The outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Uranus) are also known as Terrestrial Planets.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 31

Question
Venus is the largest of the terrestrial planets
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 32

Question
The orbits of the planets are roughly circular, although not quite.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 33

Question
The asteroid belt in the solar system is located between which two planets?
Answer
  • Earth and Mars
  • Mars and Jupiter
  • Jupiter and Saturn
  • Saturn and Neptune

Question 34

Question
The Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud are areas beyond Neptune where objects (asteroid, comets, dwarf planets..etc) exist, orbiting the Sun.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 35

Question
Venus is odd among the planets because it:
Answer
  • Has an sideways axis
  • Is composed like a gas giant, but is between terrestrial planets
  • Orbits the Sun opposite of the other planets
  • Rotates slowly, and backwards in comparison to other planets

Question 36

Question
Uranus' axis is nearly vertical, which is odd in comparison to the other planets, which axis' lie at distinct tilts.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 37

Question
The Gas Giants have a much lower density in comparison to the Terrestrial Planets because:
Answer
  • Only the Terrestrial Planets have large, solid iron cores
  • The Gas Giants are made of solely lighter carbon gases
  • The Gas Giants are very large with a large amount of mass
  • The volume of the Gas Giants is very small

Question 38

Question
The element Cooltonium has just been discovered. Scientist learn that it has a half-life of 20 years in which the parent atoms turn into another recently discovered element, Losertonium. A sample of Cooltonium has 10,000 atoms of Cooltonium and 0 atoms of Losertonium. How many atoms of Cooltonium will be left after 5 half-lives?
Answer
  • 312.5 atoms
  • 500 atoms
  • .003125 atoms
  • 5,000 atoms

Question 39

Question
We are able to get close to the age of the Solar System based off of meteorites found on Earth.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 40

Question
Which is the correct order for the creation of the solar system (from earliest to latest)?
Answer
  • The planets formed first by hot gases, the Sun then formed afterwards, the moons and other satellites were then captured by the Sun and Planets.
  • The Sun formed first from hot gas, the Sun captured wandering planets, the planets captured wandering asteroids to make moons.
  • The Sun formed first from hot gases, then the planets formed by condensation and accretion, and moons and satellites were later captured by the planets.
  • The Sun formed, then the Sun spun off gas and dust which formed the planets, the planets spun off dust which solidified into moons

Question 41

Question
Condensation occurs when a gas cools and its molecules stick together to form liquid or solid particles.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 42

Question
The Earth is differentiated because its hot, molten state cooled very quickly.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
It is believed the Earth was bombarded by meteorites early in its formation.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 44

Question
One way we detect exo-planets is through Doppler Shift.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
The Earth is made of layers. The order of these layers from innermost to outermost is:
Answer
  • Solid core, liquid core, upper mantle, lower mantle, crust
  • Liquid core, solid core, upper mantle, lower mantle, crust
  • Solid core, lower mantle, upper mantle, liquid core, crust
  • Solid core, liquid core, lower mantle, upper mantle, crust

Question 46

Question
Convection taking place in the Earth's Mantle allows for Plate Tectonics which can significantly change the surface of the Earth.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 47

Question
The bright, white areas on the moon are called:
Answer
  • Maria
  • Highlands
  • Craters
  • Rilles

Question 48

Question
The Moon's large, smooth, dark areas are called:
Answer
  • Maria
  • Rilles
  • Highlands
  • Craters

Question 49

Question
The Maria are much older than the Highlands, as indicated by the large amounts of craters.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 50

Question
Due to synchronous rotation, the same side of the Moon is always facing the Earth.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 51

Question
What is the Greenhouse Effect?
Answer
  • It is an effect where plants grow significantly better in certain location on the Earth
  • It is a phenomenon caused by gases that traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere, keeping it warm.
  • It is a protective layer that reflects all dangerous solar rays from impacting the Earth
  • It is another name for the Earth's atmosphere
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