Ch. 14

Glycolysis is the name given to a metabolic pathway occurring in many different cell types. It consists of 11 enzymatic steps that convert glucose to lactic acid. Glycolysis is an example of:

The anaerobic conversion of 1 mol of glucose to 2 mol of lactate by fermentation is accompanied by a net gain of:

During strenuous exercise, the NADH formed in the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction in skeletal muscle must be reoxidized to NAD+ if glycolysis is to continue. The most important reaction involved in the reoxidation of NADH is:

If glucose labeled with 14C in C-1 were fed to yeast carrying out the ethanol fermentation, where would the 14C label be in the products?

The conversion of 1 mol of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to 2 mol of pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway results in a net formation of:

In an anaerobic muscle preparation, lactate formed from glucose labeled in C-3 and C-4 would be labeled in:

Which of the following statements is not true concerning glycolysis in anaerobic muscle?

When a muscle is stimulated to contract aerobically, less lactic acid is formed than when it contracts anaerobically because:

Glycolysis in the erythrocyte produces pyruvate that is further metabolized to:

When a mixture of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate is incubated with the enzyme phosphohexose isomerase, the final mixture contains twice as much glucose 6-phosphate as fructose 6-phosphate. Which one of the following statements is most nearly correct, when applied to the reaction below (R = 8.315 J/mol·K and T = 298 K)? Glucose 6-phosphate ↔ fructose 6-phosphate

In glycolysis, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to two products with a standard free-energy change (ΔG'°) of 23.8 kJ/mol. Under what conditions (encountered in a normal cell) will the free-energy change (ΔG) be negative, enabling the reaction to proceed to the right?

Glucose labeled with 14C in C-1 and C-6 gives rise in glycolysis to pyruvate labeled in:

If glucose labeled with 14C at C-1 (the aldehyde carbon) were metabolized in the liver, the first radioactive pyruvate formed would be labeled in:

In an anaerobic muscle preparation, lactate formed from glucose labeled in C-2 would be labeled in:

If glucose labeled with 14C in C-3 is metabolized to lactate via fermentation, the lactate will contain 14C in:

Which of these cofactors participates directly in most of the oxidation-reduction reactions in the fermentation of glucose to lactate?

In comparison with the resting state, actively contracting human muscle tissue has a:

The steps of glycolysis between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate involve all of the following except:

The first reaction in glycolysis that results in the formation of an energy-rich compound (i.e., a compound whose hydrolysis has a highly negative ΔG'°) is catalyzed by:

Which of the following is a cofactor in the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase?

In the phosphoglycerate mutase reaction, the side chain of which amino acid in the enzyme is transiently phosphorylated as part of the reaction?

Inorganic fluoride inhibits enolase. In an anaerobic system that is metabolizing glucose as a substrate, which of the following compounds would you expect to increase in concentration following the addition of fluoride?

Glycogen is converted to monosaccharide units by: